CP Chemistry

1
CP Chemistry

• Unit 12 Solutions
• Introductory Concepts

2
Standards

• 3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated processes or
  recurring elements in science and technology.
• 3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in nature,
  physical and manmade systems.
• 3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the structure
  and properties of matter.

3
Solutions are

• Homogeneous mixtures
• Uniform throughout
• Variable proportions
• Composed of two parts
• Solvent
• Solute

4
Solutions can be described

• Qualitatively
• Dilute
• Concentrated
• Quantitatively
• Mass Percent g solute / g of solution
• Molarity number of moles / liter of solution

5
Solubility Rules

• Most nitrate salts are soluble.
• Most salts of Na, K, and NH4 are soluble.
• Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable
  exceptions are AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl2
• Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable
  exceptions are
• See full table on p. 218

6
Solubility Curves

• Important because at a glance they tell us how
  much solute dissolves in 100 g of solvent
  (usually water) at different temperatures.

7
Solutions can be

• Unsaturated
• Contain less solute than the maximum
• Saturated
• Contain the maximum solute possible
• Supersaturated
• Contain more solute than the maximum

8
Growing Crystals

1. Make a saturated solution
2. Place your seed crystal in the container
3. Slowly allow the solution to evaporate

9
Tonight

• Read 15.1 15.3 (pp. 467-473)
• Complete the Solutions Introductory Concepts
  worksheet