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MODULE 9: LINKING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO POLICY

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MODULE 9: LINKING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO POLICY Introduction This module shows you how to link SOE reporting to policy formulation, the major ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MODULE 9: LINKING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO POLICY


1
MODULE 9LINKING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT TO POLICY
2
Introduction
  • This module shows you how to link SOE reporting
    to policy formulation, the major objective of
    IEA. The module discusses
  • The various types of policy
  • Interlinkages which should be observed and
    conflicts which should be avoided in policy
  • Environmental policy analysis

3
The place of policy formulation in IEA
  • Within the overall sequence of questions/steps,
    policy formulation comes after knowing the state
    of the environment (i.e. what is happening).
  • We ask the following questions (see next slide)
  • How are current policies affecting the state of
    the environment (under Question 1)?
  • Do the current policies contribute to what is
    happening?
  • What policies are in place that are intended to
    deal with the current environmental issues and
    how effective are they (under Question 3)?
  • What alternative actions could be taken (under
    Question 5)?

4
Showing the place of current policy analysis in
IEA
5
Environmental policy as rules to use the physical
environment
  • Environmental policies stand as rules governing
    the interaction between human beliefs, values and
    ideas, and the physical environment
  • They provide guidelines on how to use the
    physical environment within the values of a
    social group.
  • May be used to direct a community to use the
    physical environment wisely within rules that
    will promote sustainable development.
  • Often, the progression is from rules that
    discourage bad practices to those that seek
    compliance with good practices.

6
Showing the place of environmental policies
                                 


























7
Types of policies
  • Policies may be categorized according to the
    way they are formed
  • Routine policies formulated through routine,
    deliberate and slow progression of the normal
    steps.
  • Urgent reactive policies formulated outside the
    normal process, commonly to solve a crisis or
    emergencies (e.g. flood, drought).
  • Grey zone policies not backed by documentation
    but used as if they do. May evolve to routine
    policies over time.
  • All policies, however formed, should be
    subjected to assessment to judge how they impact
    on the environment

8
Nested Policies
  • Policies addressing the same issue may be
    nested with narrowly focussed policies linked to
    a series of broader policies. The nesting may be
    within a country or from a global to a local
    level.
  • Global level general agreement of what the
    rules should be may be included in a convention.
    Gaps of countries which may not sign may be
    expected.
  • Regional level interests are likely to be more
    similar, but still gaps may be expected.
  • National policy has different enforcement rules
    and all are expected to abide by the policy
  • Sub-national/local very detailed regulations
    and enforcement

9
An example of nested policies from global to
local
10
Uncoordinated policies may conflict
  • The environment is ONE and all policies on it
    are interlinked. Coordination among policies is
    essential. But this may be difficult to sustain
    for many reasons
  • Governments may have competing responsibilities
    which may conflict with promoting a sustainable
    environment within the limitations of their
    resources (e.g. job creation, food production,
    etc.).
  • Hangover from the past when environmental
    policies may not have been directed at
    sustainable development
  • Opportunists may hijack or misdirect some good
    environmental policies where institutions of law
    enforcement are weak or uninformed

11
Botswanas conflicting environmental policies in
the 1970s and 1980s


               

   














12
Environmental policy analysis
  • Consists of evaluating current set of policies
    for a particular issue with the intention of
    improving its effectiveness.
  • Part of a cyclical and continuous process by
    which policy may be improved
  • Evaluate what policies currently exist
  • Identify where such policies fall short of what
    is required in promoting sustainable development
  • Determine what adjustments are required on
    existing policies and what new policies are
    needed to make the set of policies under analysis
    more effective

13
Step 1 Identify and list current environmental
policies and legislation
  • Broadly Identify policies relevant to the issue
    of interest
  • Decide on a consistent criteria for selecting
    policies to include in a current environmental
    policy analysis, e.g. relevance to the public and
    decision-makers. Criteria will depend on
    individual circumstances.
  • Consider in your criteria some international
    obligations relevant to the issue of analysis
  • Select a manageable number of the available
    policies to be included in the analysis in a
    holistic manner by determining which of the
    policies have the potential to have a direct
    impact on the issues of concern.

14
Step 2 Identify performance criteria for the
selected key policies
  • A policy should have an in-built performance
    criteria at its formulation, but sometimes this
    is not the case
  • Criteria developed may be general and descriptive
    or specific and quantitative. Some examples
  • Threshold a value may be identified beyond which
    an environmental system may be self-sustaining
  • Benchmark evaluation of the performance of an
    environmental system may be based on relative
    performance when compared to known best cases
    under similar circumstances

15
Step 3 Evaluate selected policies
  • Ideally, expectations should be outlined at
    policy formulation in which case
  • Expectations will be used to judge system
    performance for outcomes (next slide)
  • Analysis may be made to evaluate whether original
    expectations were realistic or if either
    expectations or the system need to be adjusted
  • Where expectations were not outlined originally,
    policy performance is carried out on key
    variables selected in Step 1 using criteria
    determined in Step 2

16
Comparing expected performance with actual
performance of an environmental system
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