22.3 Seed Plants

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22.3 Seed Plants
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What are seeds?

• Every seed contains a living plant ready to
  sprout as soon as it encounters the proper
  conditions for growth.

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Seed Parts

• Seeds allow plants to reproduce without water.
• Parts
• Seed Coat - protects the embryo
• Cotyledon - inside seed, used to absorb food from
  endosperm for the developing plant embryo
• Monocots (1 cotyledon) vs. Dicots (2 cotyledons)
• Embryo- baby plant has tiny root, stem and
  cotyledons (develop into leaves)
• Endosperm built in food supply for the seed.

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Germination of Seeds
Germination - development of embryo inside seed
into a new plant with proper environment.
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Seed Dispersal

• Movement of seeds for germination
• By wind, water, animals eating fruits and
  depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur

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Types of Seed Producing Plants

• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms

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Gymnosperms

• Plants that produce Naked seeds (exposed on the
  scales of cones)
• can reproduce without free-standing water, via
  pollination
• ADAPTATIONS
• Seeds (embryo food supply)
• seeds allow plants to disperse to new places

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• Gymnosperms do have naked seeds (not enclosed by
  a fruit).

CONIFERS
CYCADS
GINKGOS
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• Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)

• Adaptations
• Vascular tissue
• Flowers (reproductive structure)
• Seeds develop within ovaries
• Fruit - ripened ovary

Vascular Plant Crash Course
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Pollen

• In seed producing plants
• Male gamete is called a pollen grain.
• Pollen grains are carried wind or animals to the
  female reproductive structure pollination.

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Pollination

• Pollination - is the transfer of pollen from the
  male reproductive structure to the female
  reproductive structure.
• Types of Pollination
• Wind or animals.
• Wind is far less efficient So these plants rely
  on high a volume of pollen to ensure pollination.

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Structure of a Flower
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Structure of a Flower

• There are both male and female parts in flowers!!
• Female Part Pistil Includes three parts
  stigma, style, and ovary
• Stigma sticky surface at the top of the pistil
  traps and holds the pollen
• Style tube-like structure that holds up the
  stigma
• Ovary has the seeds inside and turns into the
  part of fruit that we eat
• Ovule part of the ovary that becomes the seed
• .

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Structure of a Flower

• Male Part Stamen Includes two parts the
  anther and filament.
• Anther part of the stamen that is located at
  the end of the filament. produces/contains pollen
• Filament Part of the stamen that supports the
  anther
• Pollen Grain Produced in the anther. Is the
  male gamete in flowers.
• Sepal Protected the flower when it was in bud
• Petal Attract pollinators

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The Structure of Flowers
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Flower Structure

• Sepals and Petals

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Flower Structure

• Stamens filament and anther
• Anthers produce pollen grains

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Flower Structure

• Pistil Stigma, Style, and Ovary
• Ovules located inside the ovary develop into
  seeds after pollination.

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Perfect Vs. Imperfect Flowers

• Perfect Both male and female parts
• Imperfect Only male or female
• Staminate and Pistillate

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Two Classes of Angiosperms

• Monocot Dicot

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Monocots and Dicots