Government, Religion and Culture

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Government, Religion and Culture

• Chapter 4, Section2

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English Colonial Rule

• England viewed its American colonies as an
  economic resource.
• The colonies provided England with raw materials.
• Raw materials could be made into finished goods.
• Finished goods could them be sent back to America
  and sold to the colonists.

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English Colonial Rule

• MERCANTILISM This is a theory that states, as a
  nations trade grows, the nations value
  increases and the nation becomes more powerful.
• To make money from trade, England had to export
  (sell goods to other nations) more than it
  imported (brought in goods from other nations).

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Trade

• Colonists engaged in something called triangular
  trade.
• Just like a triangle has three points Triangular
  Trade involved three continents North America,
  Europe and Africa.
• Molasses and sugar would be purchased from the
  West Indies and sent to the New England colonies.
  In New England, the molasses would be turned
  into rum. The rum and other goods would be sent
  to Africa and exchanged for slaves. Slaves would
  be returned to America and sold.

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Triangular Trade
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The Middle Passage

• The inhumane part of triangular trade was the
  shipping of enslaved Africans to the West Indies.
• This journey from Africa to America was known as
  the Middle Passage.

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English Colonial Rule

• NAVIGATION ACTS directed the flow of goods
  between the colonies and England.
• These Navigation Acts prevented the colonies
  from sending certain products such as sugar,
  tobacco and cotton to places outside the English
  empire.

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English Colonial Rule

• Some colonists ignored the Navigation Acts and
  began smuggling, or trading illegally with other
  nations.
• Controls on trade would later cause conflict
  between American colonies and England.

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English Colonial Rule

• The English colonies were governed through the
  use of two documents
• Magna Carta which allowed for a Parliament and
  king to work together to create laws for the
  colonies. Limited the power of a monarch.
• English Bill of Rights provided a list of
  individual freedoms that the government promised
  to protect.

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Colonial Government

• As the American colonies grew they also depended
  on their own governments (legislatures) to make
  local laws.
• By 1760, there were three types of colonies in
  America charter colonies, proprietary colonies
  and royal colonies.

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Colonial Government
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Voting Rights

• Only certain people were allowed to vote in the
  colonies
• To vote, you had to be A white male and own
  property.
• If you were a woman, landless (poor or did not
  own property/ land) or African American you could
  not vote.

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The Great Awakening

• From 1720 through the late 1740s a religious
  revival know as the Great Awakening.
• The Great Awakening was a return to the strong
  faith of the earlier days.
• Provided a sense of unity among the colonists
  which would prove to beneficial during the
  American Revolution.

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The Great Awakening

• Two important ministers who took part in the
  Great Awakening were Jonathan Edwards and George
  Whitefield.

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The Great Awakening
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Family Roles

• Family influences were religion, education and
  the arts.
• Men were the heads of the household.
• Women could attend meetings but could not speak,
  vote or serve in the clergy.
• Women could work in the home.
• They could also own property and would set up
  shops and inns.
• Children could serve as apprentices, or learning
  assistants where they could learn a trade.

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Education

• Colonial school houses

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Education

• Colonists valued education.
• Children learned to read and write either at home
  or in schools.
• By 1760 New England had a very high literacy
  rate. About 75 percent of the population could
  read.

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Education

• Education in the American colonies also spread
  thanks to the printing press and various
  newspapers.

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The Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment occurred in the mid 1700s
• Many people wanted to gain more knowledge in the
  area of science, reason and wanted to find ways
  to improve society.
• People began conducting experiments and
  publishing their findings.

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The Enlightenment

• One of the best known scientists in America was
  Benjamin Franklin.