Human Mosaic: CULTURE

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• Human Mosaic CULTURE

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• I. Culture total knowledge, attitude and
  behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a
  group (a groups way of life)
• A. Culture Includes
• 1. food and shelter
• 2. religion
• 3. family
• 4. language
• 5. education
• 6. security / protection
• 7. government
• 8. art

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• B. Society - Group that shares a place, identity,
  and culture.
• C. Ethnic Group - Group that has a separate
  identity from the rest of the society.

Ethnic Group
Culture
Society
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• II. Cultural Change
• A. Innovation - creating something new to meet a
  need.

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B. Cultural Hearth

• The place of origin of a major culture from
  which new ideas and technologies spread.

Examples River Valley Civilizations TODAY
United States and World Megacities Cities
(London, Tokyo)
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• C. Diffusion - The spread of ideas, inventions,
  or behaviors. (religion, technology, language)

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Diffusion of Religion
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• D. Acculturation - When a culture changes because
  of its introduction to another culture. (Native
  Americans, Native Mexicans)

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• III. Language
• A. World Languages - There are about 6900 world
  languages today.
• 1. dialect - different versions of a language.
• (Ex. English has British, Irish, American, etc.)

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• IV. Religion
• A. monotheism - The belief in one god.
• B. polytheism - The belief in many gods.
• Mono one
• Poly many
• Theism belief in god (or gods)

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• C. animistic - native religion often nature based
  (sometimes called traditional religion)

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• D. Major World Religions
• 1. Christianity 33
• 2. Islam 21
• 3. Hinduism 14
• 4. Buddhism 6
• 5. Sikhism .36
• 6. Judaism .22

NOTES As of 2005. This list includes only
organized religions and excludes more loosely
defined groups such as Chinese or African
traditional religions. Source Encyclopaedia
Britannica, www.adherents.com.
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• 3 Largest Monotheistic Religions
• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam

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• Judaism
• a. oldest of Southwest Asian religions 3200
  years old
• b. monotheistic
• c. followers called Jews
• d. basic laws and teachings come from a book
  called the Torah (first five books of Christian
  Bible)
• e. religious center is in city of Jerusalem in
  Israel

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• Christianity
• a. evolved 2,000 years ago from the teachings of
  Judaism in Southwest Asia
• b. monotheistic
• c. largest religion with 2 billion followers

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• d. based on teachings of Jesus
• Christ
• (1) Christians believe he is
• the Son of God
• (2) Teachings are recorded in the New Testament
  of the Bible
• e. three major groups are Roman Catholic,
  Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox

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• Islam
• a. originated in Southwest Asia
• in 613 A.D.
• b. monotheistic
• c. based on the teachings of Muhammad
• d. followers are called Muslims and worship God,
  who is called Allah in Arabic

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• e. Holy book is called Quran
• f. two major divisions of Islam are Sunni and
  Shiite

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Hinduism a. one of Worlds oldest religions b.
mostly ethnic religion concentrated in India c.
polytheistic
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• D. followers called Hindus may believe in one god
  or many gods, each of whom originate from an
  aspect of the divine spirit, Brahman
• E. the caste system levels of defined social
  classes with specific rites and rituals - it
  shapes many aspects of Hindus lives and beliefs

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• Buddhism
• a. offshoot of Hinduism, developed about 263 B.C.
  in India
• b. polytheistic
• c. founded by Siddhartha Guatama (aka the Buddha)

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• d. rejects Hindu caste system
• e. promotes the correct way of living in order to
  reach an enlightened spiritual state called
  nirvana

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Sikhism
                                                
             The Khanda -- the Sikh symbol

• founded by Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, (1469-1538)
• Preach the way to enlightenment and God.
• Strict monotheism
• the brotherhood of humanity
• reject idol worship, and the oppressive Hindu
  concept of caste.

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• Sikhism rejects all distinctions of caste, creed,
  race or sex
• There is only one God, he is the Creator,
  Sustainer and Destroyer
• The devotee must live in the world yet keep his
  mind pure. He must be a soldier, a scholar, a
  saint
• Rejection of all forms of blind rituals such as
  fasting, religious vegetarianism, pilgrimages,
  superstions, yoga, as well as any form of idol
  worship

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Geographical distribution of prevailing organized
religions throughout the world
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                
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http//www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm