WESTERN DEMOCRACIES

1
WESTERN DEMOCRACIES
2
BRITAIN

• Import dependent but not enough manufactured
  goods to pay for this
• Attlee becomes PM 1945
• Coal, gas, electricity, Bank of
  England,transportation-nationalized
• National Health Insurance-cradle to grave
  concept

3

• 1951 Conservatives return under Churchill
• 1955 retires and is followed by Eden
• Repealed nationalization of steel and trucking
  but nothing else
• 1956 Suez Crisis
• 1957 MacMillan PM
• 1963 DeGaulle vetoed Britains entry into the
  Common Market (enter 1973)
• 1964 Labor returns and alternates for next
  decade

4

• 1979 Margaret Thatcherfirst woman PM
• Cut govt spending, increased int. rates, reduced
  taxes, unemployment soared
• 1982 Falklands-gained support for Thatcher
• 1997-2007 Labor under Tony Blair succeeded by
  Gordon Brown

5
IRISH QUESTION

• Independent 1922
• 1968 IRA launches terrorist attacks on Ulster
  (2/3 Protestant) and sparks decades of violence
• Ian Paisley spoke against compromise
• 1972 Bloody Sunday
• IRA struck in Ulster and England
• 1994 ceasefire

6

• Violence continued
• 1998 Belfast Agreement gave Ulster a National
  Assembly
• Still violence
• 1999 Br Parliament gave Assembly power with
  Catholic deputy first minister and Protestant
  first minister
• 2000 suspended due to no disarmament
• 2001 Protestant (Trimble) resigned

7
FRANCE

• 1946 4th republic-weak executive, strong
  parliament
• DeGaulle withdrew
• Mendes-France ended war in Indochina, began end
  of French rule in Africa
• Fearing war in Algeria 1958 DeGaulle called to
  form new govt
• Constitution provided strong executive (7yr)
• 1962 Algeria independent

8

• Promoted ties to W Germany
• Suspicious of US and Britain
• 1967 withdrew from NATO
• 1968 held on to power with army and middle
  class
• 1969 resigned
• Pompidou (1969-74)
• DEstaing (1974-81)
• Mitterand (1981-95) socialist
• Chirac (1995-2007)
• Nicholas Sarkozy (2007-)

9
WESTERN GERMANY

• 1949 Adenauer(Christian Democrat)economy
  recovers and stable democracy grows
• 1963-66 Erhard
• 1966-69 coalition
• 1969 Willy Brandt Ostpolitik
• 1970 recognizes Oder-Neisse Polands border

10

• 1972 German states enter UN
• 1974-82 Schmidt (Social Democrat)
• 1982 Kohl (Christian Democrat)
• 1990 reunification with Berlin capital but at
  expense to German Federal Republic

11
Economic Integration

• ECSC Schumann Plan
• 1958 Treaty of Rome EEC (Common Market)also
  created EURATOM
• 1960 EFTA
• 1967 ECSC, EURATOM,EEC combine to form EC

12
Rearmament

• Rearm West Germany as extension of NATO
• Pleven Plan 1952 creates EDC
• 1954 SEATO
• 1955 Baghdad Pact (Iraq, Iran, Turkey,
  Pakistan)
• 1958 Iraq out so CENTO
• Warsaw PactEast minus Yugoslavia

13

• 1953 Stalin dies, peaceful coexistence
• Geneva Summit Eisenhower, Eden, Faure,
  Krushchev and Bulganin
• 1958 Berlin crisis 6 month bullying effort
• 1959 Castro
• 1960 U2 incident
• 1961 Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs
• 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis and hot line
• 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

14
DETENTE

• Outer Space Test Ban
• 1968 Nuclear Proliferation Treaty
• 1972 SALTI (freeze of ICBMs)
• 1979 SALTII, invasion of Afghanistan