Hydroelectric Power

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Hydroelectric Power
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• Worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24
  percent of the world's electricity and supply
  more than 1 billion people with power.
• The world's hydropower plants generate a combined
  total of 675,000 megawatts, the energy equivalent
  of 3.6 billion barrels of oil, according to the
  National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
• There are more than 2,000 hydropower plants
  operating in the United States, making hydropower
  the country's largest renewable energy source.

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What is Hydroelectric Power?

• Hydropower plants harness water's energy (of
  motion) and use simple mechanics to convert that
  energy into electricity.
• Hydropower plants are actually based on a rather
  simple concept -- water flowing through a dam
  turns a turbine, which turns a generator.

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What are the parts of a Hydroelectric Power Plant?

1. Intake and Penstock-pull water into the area
   where turbine is located
2. Turbine-spins as water passes through
3. Generator-generates electricity using mechanical
   energy of the spinning turbine
4. Transformer-transforms electrical energy for
   passage through the power lines
5. Reservoir-holds the water

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Hoover Dam
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Picture of the shaft connecting the turbine and
generator
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4 Years to build the Hoover Dam
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Hoover Dam Powerhouses
Hoover Dam has 17 generators giving it the
capacity to produce over 2,000 megawatts of
electricity.
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Reservoir for Hoover Dam-Lake Mead
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View from on top of dam
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Spillways Open-water bypasses the dam
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Interesting Hoover Dam Facts

• The Hoover Dam weighs 6.6 million tons
• There is enough concrete in the dam to build a 3
  inch
• thick, 4 foot wide sidewalk around the earth at
  the equator
• Standing 726 feet tall, the Hoover Dam is tallest
  solid
• concrete dam in the western hemisphere

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Benefits of Hydroelectric Power

• Clean, very little pollution
• Renewable resource
• Inexpensive

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Downsides to Hydroelectric Power

• Diverts natural flow of water-changes the
  environment
• Not suitable for all areas-need high and low
  elevations for gravity to cause water to move

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Other Methods of Power Production

• Solar power
• Wind power
• Geothermal power
• Biofuels
• Nuclear
• Wave power
• Tidal Power
• With your group discuss how are these other
  power production methods are similar/different?

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Nuclear Power

• Brain POP Nuclear Power-as you watch the BP
  consider the following
• What are pros and cons for using nuclear power?
• How does nuclear power create electricity?
• What is a chain reaction?
• Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Video

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World Electrical Energy Production
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How does Tallahassee produce its power?

• The City of Tallahassee uses 4 power plants to
  generate electricity for its residents
• C.H. Corn Facility
• Arvah B. Hopkins Generating Station
• Sam O. Purdom Generating Station
• Solar Farm
• Tallahassee requires approximately 425 megawatts
  of electricity daily!

Source www.talgov.com
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C.H. Corn Facility

• Hydroelectric powered
• 1 of only 2 hydroelectric plants in Florida (why
  only 2?)
• Has 3 generators
• Capacity of 12 megawatts
• City plans to shut this plant down as it is not
  cost effective

other hydroelectric power plant is on Lake
Seminole
Source www.talgov.com
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Arvah B. Hopkins Generating Station

• burns fossil fuels (either natural gas or oil) to
  convert water to steam in two huge boilers.
• The steam is used to drive two turbines which are
  in turn connected to power generators.
• In addition, power can be produced when needed by
  two gas turbine generators located at the plant.
• Capacity of 368 megawatts

Source www.talgov.com
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Sam O. Purdom Generating Station

• Purdom Unit 8 uses a system called Combined Cycle
  Technology, which effectively uses the energy
  from the burned fuel twice.
• It then uses mechanical energy produced by steam
  to move the turbines.
• Capacity of 320 megawatts
• Source www.talgov.com

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Plans for future energy needs

• Tallahassee broke ground on 5/30/17 on a 120-acre
  solar project at the international airport
  capable of powering 2,400 homes and businesses.
  Customers can opt in to use solar energy with a
  fuel rate of 5 cents per kilowatt hour for 20
  years (compared to 3.5 cents for fossil fuels).
  Capacity is 20 megawatts
• Tallahassee Solar Farm Building Video

http//www.talgov.com/you/solar.aspx
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How does the electricity get to our homes?

• http//www.brainpop.com/technology/scienceandindus
  try/dams/zoom.weml

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Deerlake Middle School Solar Panel
The PV (photovoltaic) panel collects the suns
energy to generate power
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How does it work?

• Click the link to see how it works
• http//www.solar-is-future.com/index.php?id316
• Video
• https//www.eeremultimedia.energy.gov/solar/videos
  /solar_power_basics

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Parts of the System
Energy collected from the panel is stored in the
batteries in the shed The system has a brain
that determines where the power from the panel
goes either to the batteries or to offset power
used from Talquin Electric
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Solar Energy

• Energy is collected and stored in batteries
• Once the batteries are full, power is used to
  offset the electrical needs of the school
• Some systems will actually feed back to the local
  power company if it generates extra power that is
  not used
• Our solar panel generates enough power to operate
  our emergency lights and two outlets

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The meters indicate power in from Talquin
Electric (on left) and power produced by the
panel (on right)
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Data Monitoring

• Energy Whiz website-data is uploaded to the
  internet from the panel
• http//energywhiz.com/

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Natural Gas (CNG) Buses

• Watch the video
• http//flix.quickrewards.net/watch/4309757/
• Air pollutants are not released, just water
• Natural gas is much cheaper than diesel
• Natural gas is found in the United States
• Leon County is currently adding CNG buses to its
  fleet, reducing the diesel buses

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Answer in your spiral notebook.

1. Which energy source do you think would be
   suitable for the most populations in the world?
   Explain using at least 2 reasons
2. Which energy source do you think would be best
   for Tallahassee? Explain using at least 2
   reasons
3. Why cant we use just one of the power production
   methods globally?