UNIT 2: Understanding and Analysing Patterns of Information

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UNIT 2 Understanding and Analysing Patterns of
Information

• What do you know?What you are going to
  learn?What GIS skills will you learn?
• How are you going to apply these skills?

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What you know

• Skills
• Adding themes
• Adding tables
• Joining tables
• Changing layouts
• View, theme, layout properties
• thematic mapping
• changing map projections
• finding information in tables
• making layouts
• more.

• Knowledge
• New terminology
• Types of GIS (raster/vector)
• Data (locational or feature/attribute)
• Data classification
• Map projections
• Topographic map interpretation
• Writing lab reports
• More

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What you are going to know

• Skills
• select by theme
• buffering
• Table statistics
• Basic querying
• Data use
• Manipulating data
• hotlinking
• Geocoding
• Interpreting remotely sensed imagery using GIS

• Knowledge
• Analyzing and interpreting world issues
• How to analyze and interpret human patterns and
  physical patterns
• How to use GIS as a tool in analyzing and
  interpreting patterns
• How to ask GIS the right questions in order to
  come up with a possible solution to a scenario

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World Issues- Patterns and trends

• Matters of global concern are in the news
  everyday. Famine, Poverty, Pollution are growing
  concerns in all parts of the world, including
  Canada.

• Biodiversity
• Atmosphere
• Economics
• Energy
• Food
• Water
• Population

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Biodiversity 1

• The biological area of our world which is under
  the direct protection of various governments is
  small. Only a few countries can claim a
  significant amount of land has been protected for
  the future.

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Biodiversity 2

• This map shows the mammal species that inhabit
  the countries of the world per 10,000 sq.km.

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Biodiversity 3

• The number of bird species shows a significantly
  different pattern than mammals

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Biodiversity 4

• The distribution of plant species when mapped
  gives us clues as to the importance of the
  rainforest region of earth

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Biodiversity 5

• This map shows the Importing of Primates by
  country through the 1990's.
• What do you notice about the patterns compared to
  the other maps?

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Atmosphere 1

• Carbon Dioxide emissions are becoming a concern
  as they are a reflection of global warming. The
  burning of forests is a major concern in this
  regard.

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Atmosphere 2

• Industries are also a concern. Cars, coal fired
  electric facilities and other industrial
  processes also contribute to global warming.

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Economics 1

• Gross domestic Product is often used to measure
  the wealth of a country

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Economics 2

• The variation in how countries generate wealth is
  shown in this graph of economic sectors in
  selected nations.

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Economics 3

• Another part of the economic equation is debt.
  Here we can see the problems some countries may
  have with paying for development.

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Economics 4

• Sometimes a large amount of money is spent on
  things we could do without. This map shows
  military spending per person. Are developing
  countries really wasting money on armaments?

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Economics 5

• But can we help countries? This map shows who
  lends money and who borrows. What can we infer
  about this distribution?

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Energy 1

• We all need energy. Few countries have enough of
  their own while others seem to have more than
  they could ever use. This map show who imports
  and exports energy. What kinds of energy would
  be traded?

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Energy 2

• Only a few countries have large amounts of oil.
  One group of countries called OPEC controls a
  very large percentage of the earths accessible
  crude oil supply. What do you think they do with
  the money they receive from its sale?

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Energy 3

• Some countries are looking to other sources of
  energy. This map shows supplies of coal. While
  there is lots of it, it has its problems. Can
  you identify any?

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Food 1

• One of our basic human needs is food. This chart
  displays the worlds cereal grain production.
  What is happening to the trend?

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Food 2

• Cereal production per capita is a good way to
  measure food supply. Can you account for the
  trends by major world region? Do you see any
  problems for the future in these trends?

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Food 3

• Cereal production per capita when shown on a map
  clearly indicates those countries which are
  efficient producers of food grains. A simple
  solution would be to increase production
  efficiency everywhere. Can this be done?

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Food 4

• Consider the yield gained from productivity.
  What has been the general trend? Is this likely
  to continue?

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Food 5

• The use of fertilizers has certainly affected our
  world food production. However, after 1980 a
  disturbing trend appeared. Why might this be
  occurring?

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Food 6

• Only a few countries stand-out as heavy
  fertilizer users. Suggest some reason why this
  might occur in these countries.

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Food 7

• Albert Einstein has been quoted as saying
• The next world war will be fought over food.

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Food 8

• Is this our attempt to stave off World War III?

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Food 9

• Often we forget that much of the worlds
  population relies on a steady diet of fish for
  protein. What recent events have occurred to
  signal a problem with this resource?

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Water 1

• With our basic needs comes a need for supply.
  With water we need 2 litres per day. Every Day.
  Who is getting enough?

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Water 2

• This map shows the of a countrys water supply
  that is used (withdrawn) each year. What
  environmental factors might contribute to this
  map?

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Water 3

• Water. We often take it for granted. Most of the
  water we use ends-up with some type of
  contamination. This map shows the of the
  population served with waste treatment
  facilitiest o keep the water clean.

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Population 1

• People. For all our environmental concerns, it
  is people that are most concerned by it and often
  the cause of it.

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Population 2

• The population growth rate determines how fast a
  population will grow. A population with a growth
  rate of 1 will double its size in 72 years.
  What does negative growth indicate?

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Population 3

• A large part of population growth can be seen in
  the fertility rate of women. In some countries,
  the average woman will have 6 or more children.
  Why do you think they have such large families?
  Did Canadians every have large families?

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Population 4

• Life expectancy is another indicator of
  population growth. What trends do you see in the
  graphs? Can you predict any trends for the
  future? What factors will impact these trends?

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Population 5
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Population 6
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Population 7

• Doctors and Nurses can help to keep us healthy.
  In countries with a small supply of doctors, what
  problems might surface?

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Population 8

• With education playing a key role in our lives,
  much of the world still does not educate women
  very well. What would happen if these countries
  invested in the education of their female
  populations?

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• So, with all of these global concerns, what can
  we do?
• As future GIS professionals, many groups rely on
  these images to get help to those in need. We
  can assist them by mapping the world in ways
  which show what needs to be done and the good
  things that have already happened.

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GIS SKILLS

• Query
• Buffering
• Select by theme
• Table statistics
• View the following slides to see how some of
  these skills are used.

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