Civil Affairs Assessment Methodology

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Civil Affairs Assessment Methodology
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References

• JTF Commanders Handbook for Peace Operations
• Joint Pub 3-57, Doctrine for Joint Civil Affairs,
  Feb 2001
• FM 3-0, Operations, Jun 2001
• FM 41-10, Civil Affairs Operations, Feb 2000
• FM 101-5-1, Operational Terms and Graphics (Sep
  97)

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Preparing for CA Operations

• SOF proficiency
• Personal readiness
• Establish the CMOC
• Review mission related material
• Collect CA/CMO related information

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Currency and Proficiency

• Generalist/specialist certifications
• Regional orientation
• Language

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Personal Readiness

• SOF qualification/standards
• Deployment Requirements (POM)
• Security Clearances
• Passports
• Family readiness

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Review Mission Related Material

• Identify specified/implied tasks
• Extract task organization
• Identify administrative and logistic
  relationships
• Identify command and signal requirements

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Collect CA/CMO Related Information

• Preliminary assessment
• CA database
• Status of non-military organizations and agencies
• Identify possible SMEs for reachback support
  (to include non-traditional sources)

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Methodology

• Assess - Conduct initial assessment (CA-SCOPE)
• Estimate - Develop/wargame COAs
• Decide - Best COA Develop the CMO plan (logical
  Lines of Operations)
• Detect - Employ CA assets CMOCs
• Deliver - Engage CMO hasty and programmed
  targets
• Evaluate - CA/CMO MOEs (BDAs)
• Transition - Terminate or transition
  civil-military tasks.

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• Areas of Operation (include key aspects of the
  commanders battlespace)
• Political boundaries
• Centers of government
• Open areas for possible temporary settlement
• Agricultural and mining regions
• Other significant geographic and economic features

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• Structures include not only traditional HPTs but
• Cultural sites
• Facilities with practical applications-jails,
  warehouses, and schools
• Power plants
• Water purification plants w/water and sewage
  treatment systems
• Radio/TV antennas with the size and listening
  area, and times of operation

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• Capabilities, an allys or aggressors ability to
  provide services
• Indicators of policing
• Emergency routine/medical services
• Temporary shelters
• Public administration
• Re-establishing industrial and agricultural
  capability

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• Organizations, locations and meeting cycles
• Key IOs/NGOs (UNHCR, WFP, OFDA)
• Governing bodies
• Health services
• Legal and law enforcement
• Religious, fraternal groups
• Transnational corporations
• Community watch organizations

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• People, include key personnel and linkage to the
  population
• All the civilians in and outside the AO
• Leaders, figureheads, clerics
• SMEs (Computer and communications specialists,
  sewage plant operator)
• CA force structure
• Demobilized soldiers

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ASSESS (CA-SCOPE)

• Events, cycles and seasons
• Harvest and planting seasons
• Significant weather events (floods)
• Elections
• School year, fiscal year
• Holidays (religious periods, traditional vacation
  time)

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ESTIMATE Alternative COAs

• Participate in collaborative planning
• Develop/war-game COAs
• Prepare mission planning products
• Maintain vertical and lateral communications

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Collaborative Planning

• Know specified and implied tasks
• CA task analysis by phase
• Develop a weighted target list
• Develop CA screening/selection criteria
• Identify essential tasks/lines of operations

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Mission Planning Products

• Strive for input from indigenous institutions
• Seek input from International Organizations and
  Non-Governmental Organizations
• Provide input and coordinate with related
  annexes, such as engineers, logistics,
  Information Operations, and interagency
• CA execution matrix

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DECIDE Best COA

• Develop the CMO plan (logical Lines of
  Operations)
• Finalize mission planning products

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Civilian Centers of Gravity

• Those locations, capabilities, institutions/
  people, or events from which a threat derives its
  freedom of action, physical strength, or will to
  fight. Destruction, neutralization or
  enhancement of the center of gravity is the most
  direct path to victory.

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Decisive Civil Engagement Point

• A decisive civil engagement point is a
  geographic place, specific key event, or enabling
  system that allows commanders to gain a marked
  advantage over the effected populace and greatly
  influence the outcome of an engagementOperational
  art consists in part of selecting from all
  possible decisive points the ones that will
  enhance the civil center of gravity the most
  quickly and efficiently.

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NCIs/TCIs

• Named Civil Interest An area, structure,
  capability, organization, person, or event of the
  effected population upon which activity is
  expected. Activity or lack of activity within an
  NCI will help to confirm or deny a particular
  civil course of action.
• Targeted Civil Interest The area, structure,
  capability, organization, person, or event of the
  effected population successful interdiction will
  cause the populace to either abandon a particular
  course of action or require him to use
  specialized support to continue, where he can be
  acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Not all
  TCIs will form part of the friendly course of
  action only TCIs associated with high-payoff
  targets are of interest to the staff.

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Disseminate the Plan

• Brief synchronization matrix
• Brief aspects to supporting and supported IO/NGOs

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DETECT Establish CMOCs

• First steps plan and coordinate with
  non-military organizations
• Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops- Time,
  Civil Considerations (METT-TC)
• Establish at Multiple Levels (Strategic to
  Tactical)

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Shaded Area Shared Top Level Classification
Info Area
Commander Coalition / Combined Task
Force (CCTF)
Special Access Ops (SOF)
Classification Secret MNF REL
Classification Case by Case
DCCTF
Coalition Coordination Center (CCC)
Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC)
Personal Staff
COS
C1Personnel
C2Intel
C3Operations
C4Logistics
C5Plans
C6Comms
C7Civil/Mil
CTF Planning Process (PLANS, FOPS, COPS) (MNF Top
Level Classification)
Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination
Center (CLCC) Secret MNF REL
Effective Multinational and CTF Media Support
Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools)
LIAISON COORD
MNF REL MULTINATIONAL RELEASABLE
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CMOC Definition 1

• The CMOC is an operations center formed from CA
  assets and serves as the primary interface
  between the US Armed Forces and the local
  population, humanitarian organizations, NGOs,
  IOs, the UN, multinational forces, and other
  agencies of the US Government.

FM 41-10 Appendix H, Feb 2000
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CMOC Definition 2

• A CMOC is
• An analysis center for the civil component of
  
• the battlespace
• A collaborative planning cell for CMO
• A meeting place for interagency coordination,
• mediation and consensus building
• A link to the non-military partners and
• participants
• A clearinghouse for requests for military
• support from non-military organizations
• Employed with a task and purpose

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Basic CMOC Structure
Director
Information Branch
Security Branch
Liaison Officer From Military, NGO/GO/IO
Liaison Officer To Military, NGO/GO/IO
Plans
Administrative Section
Logistics Section
Operations
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Criteria

• The CMOC should be given a specific task and
  purpose, such as a TASKORD.
• A METT-TC analysis of this task and purpose will
  determine the exact structure, equipment,
  manning, location, and operational requirements
• CA Teams and CA Planning Teams at all command
  levels are tasked with establishing CMOCs to
  support CMO at the tactical, operational, and
  strategic levels.

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CMOC Locations

• The CMOC must be prepared to conduct
• echeloned, split-based operations and
• based on METT-TC.
• This means operating within the security
• perimeter of the supported military HQ
• As well as outside the security perimeter of
• the supported military HQ
• On the road (mobile CMOCs)
• Or combinations thereof

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Inside the Wire
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Outside the Wire
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Mobile CMOCs
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CMOC Operations

• The CMOC is normally established or reestablished
  early in the planning of an operation
• To support the commander by providing a forum in
  which CA soldiers and civilian planners analyze
  the civilian component of an operation (moving
  towards transition)
• Conduct CA Activities and CMO in the context of
  Lines of Operations

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As a Coordination Center

• Develop CMO Annexes / Estimates, Area Studies
• Acts as a clearing house for all Civilian
  requests for support from US forces
• Acts as a clearing house for all NGO/IO and other
  government agencies requesting support from US
  forces
• Requests FNS from civilian organizations
• Eliminates redundancy, prioritizes relief efforts
• Record, archive, and duplicate documentation
• Evaluating MOEs (SPHERE standards)
• Conducts mediation

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Request for Assistance(RFA) Flow
LOCAL NATIONALS
HOST NATION, ALLIES
IO/NGO/GO
CMOC
VALID RFA
G3/S3
RFA APPROVAL/ DISAPPROVAL
CMO SECTION
IF YES-FRAGO
Coordinates, validates, and prepares FRAGOs
for RFAs
SUPPORTED UNIT
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Accomplishing the Mission

• The CMOC continues to monitor the civil component
  of the OA
• The CMOC maintains maps/overlays
• Current Friendly/Enemy situations
• Current/Planned DC Operation
• Status of Arts, Monuments, and Archives
• Charts on-going work requests, logistics, DC
  statistics, SITREPS
• Tracks MOEs and Transition

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Map Board (a technique)
MISSION
INTENT
DAY CODE
STATUS
OPERATIONS

• MAP BOARD Overlay Examples
• CMO Operations
• Political Boundaries
• Dislocated Civilians
• Critical Infrastructure
• CMO Logistics
• Resources
• Demographics
• Population Density
• Others..

PERSONNEL
PROJECTS
EQUIPMENT
TODAY
INFORMATION
NEXT 24 HRS
REPORTS
LAST 24 HRS
FM 41-10, Appendix H9
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Items to Maintain the CMOC

• Digital and Video Cameras
• Voice Recorders
• TV/VCR/Satellite TV
• Document Scanners
• Copy Machines
• OE-254 antenna
• Telephones/answering machine
• Generator

• Handheld metal detector
• Typewriter
• Butcher Block Easels
• Dry-Erase Boards
• Conference Table
• Mailbox System
• Corkboard
• Field Safe/Desk

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Various CMOC Meetings

• A CMOC may sponsor various types of meetings
• Information Meetings CMOC representatives
  provide information to attendees on security
  environment, status of RFAs
• Coordination Meetings Participants have
  decision making authority to coordinate
  operations and resources for their particular
  agency
• Negotiations CMOC personnel mediate agreements

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Weekly CMOC Activities(Example)

• Mon Town Hall Meeting held every Monday at 1400
  hours in the local church/school to discuss
  local
• issues/complaints
• Tue Radio Iliria Weekly Meeting, 0900 for
  station staff and the S5 to ensure TF CDR and
  radio show host are prepared for possible
  issue that may arise
• - Serb Mayors meeting held every Tuesday
  1300 hours. Gather all six K-Serb Mayors
  to discuss/resolve
• issues
• Wed Four Pillars Meeting UNHCR, UNMIK, OSCE
  and KDG meet for dinner at TF Dining
  Facility, discuss and resolve issues

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Bi-Monthly CMOC Activities (Example)

• NGO Meeting Held every other Thursday at 1400
  hours at CMOC conference room. Purpose to gather
  all NGOs and attempt to coordinate their efforts
• TF Command and Staff Meeting Held every other
  Saturday at 1800 hours in TF conference room,
  PowerPoint slides
• - Overall HA activities
• - Company CMO activities
• - Talking Point Issues, as developed with IO

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Monthly CMOC Activities (Example)

• Humanitarian Assistance Review Board TF Cdr,
  S-5, and others review HA nominations prepared by
  TF units
• Political Leaders Meeting with TF Cdr First
  Friday of each month, discusses the relationship
  between TF Cdr and the political leadership.
• Passing and Gather information on substantial
  issues for municipalities
• Enhance working relationship with local populace

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Establish Vertical and Lateral Communications

• Expand CMOC capabilities as required
• Establish CMOC supported staff battle rhythm
• Conduct daily CMOC meetings with key
  organizations
• Participate in targeting board meetings

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Rehearse the Plan

• Use established rehearsal techniques
• Integrate supported/supporting IO/NGOs
• Continue to synchronize with Information
  Operations
• Rehearse branches and sequels as time permits

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DELIVER Execute CA Operations

• Move to the objective
• Occupy the objective
• Conduct deliberate assessments
• Refine the plan and issue FRAGO
• Execute CA mission activities

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Occupy the Objective

• Based on OPORD/DEPORD
• Establish the CMOC
• Implement priorities of work

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Deliberate Assessments

• Validate the plan
• Develop the situation
• Establish relationships and rapport

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Refine the Plan and Issue FRAGO

• Further develop supporting plans for civil Lines
  of Operations (LOs)
• Validate Measures of Effectiveness

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Execute CA Mission Activities

• Focus on end-state objectives
• Set conditions for transition of civil-military
  tasks

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EVALUATE Effectiveness

• Evaluate CA mission activities against planned
  MOEs
• If MOEs are met, prepare to transition CA
  activities according to the transition plan
• If MOEs not met, refine the plan and issue FRAGO

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Measuring Civil BDA

• Engaging sources of strength
• International support/recognition
• Desire for independence
• Cultural identity/tradition
• Desire to join Western alliance
• Engaging sources of vulnerabilities
• Deteriorated infrastructure
• Lack of public services
• Absence of rule of law
• Lack of democratic legitimacy

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TRANSITION Operations

• Review transition plan
• Conduct required coordination
• Refine transition plan
• Terminate or transfer CA tasks
• Evaluate results of transition
• Conduct after action review
• Redeploy
• Monitor transferred tasks

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Review Transition Plan

• Identify tasks to be transferred
• Identify transition type
• - Termination
• - Transfer of Authority
• - Transfer to non-military organization
• Identify transition timeline
• Identify transition MOEs

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CA Transition Operations (continued)

• Conduct required coordination
• Refine transition plan
• Terminate or transfer CA tasks
• Evaluate results of transition
• Conduct after action review
• Redeploy

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Monitor Transferred Tasks

• Check for durability of task
• Watch for potential unintended second or third
  order effects
• Prepare to reengage as necessary or directed