PresentationExpress

1
Objectives

• Identify the events that led to the War Hawks
  call for war.
• Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the
  War of 1812.
• Explain the significance of the War of 1812.

2
Terms and People

• Tecumseh Shawnee who attempted to unite the
  Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers
• Battle of Tippecanoe Gov. William Henry
  Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811
• War Hawks nationalistic western and southern
  Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812
• War of 1812 war with Britain, 1812-1815
• Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek and Seminole
  Indians and then the British at New Orleans

3
Terms and People (continued)

• Francis Scott Key penned The Star Spangled
  Banner during the British attack on Fort McHenry
  
• The Star-Spangled Banner Keys poem that
  later became the national anthem
• Battle of New Orleans American victory by
  Andrew Jackson routing the British in January
  1815
• Treaty of Ghent treaty ending the War of 1812
• Hartford Convention meeting of New England
  Federalists who opposed the War of 1812

4
Why did the United States go to war with Britain,
and what was the outcome of that war?
In 1812, the United States found itself involved
in a major war that tested its strength and the
solidarity of its people. Americans managed to
fight the war and get the country back on track
in its aftermath.
5
Americans faced trouble from Native Americans.

• Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to
  unite Native Americans to fight American
  expansion.
• Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in
  1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown,
  Tecumsehs village.
• Westerners blamed the British in Canada for
  arming the Indians, and demanded action.

6

• They were led by John C. Calhoun of South
  Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
• They denounced Britains impressment of U.S.
  sailors and its support for Native Americans.
• They believed an invasion of Canada would stop
  British aid to the Indians and force Britain to
  respect Americaat sea.

In 1811, the War Hawks took the lead in Congress.
7

• But the nation was totally unprepared with only a
  small army and navy.
• Thomas Jefferson advised Madison that an invasion
  of Canada would be easy.
• He proved wrongand repeated attempts to invade
  Canada failed.

The War of 1812 began when Congress declared war
in June 1812.
8
Early on the British were occupied in Europe,
allowing several American victories.
The small American navy did surprisingly well. The U.S.S. Constitution defeated H.M.S. Guerrière Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie.
Americans won several victories against Native Americans. In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who was aiding the British. But attacks on Canada failed
In 1814, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek in Alabama. Jackson defeated the Seminoles and seized a fort at Pensacola.
9
1
British troops occupied eastern Maine. A second
army invaded New York from Montreal but was
turned back. A third force invaded Maryland,
burning Washington D.C., but failed to take
Baltimore. A fourth Army headed to New Orleans.
They would be routed by Andrew Jackson.
In 1814, Britain defeated France and then
launched a four-part offensive in America.
2
3
4
10
The Americans worst humiliation came when
British troops burned the White House and
Capitol.
11

• Both sides agreed to return to pre-war
  boundaries.
• A commission was set up to discuss any future
  boundary disputes.
• Impressment and American neutrality were not
  discussed.

The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
12
Several events of the War of 1812 fostered
American pride.
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in
Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write
The Star-Spangled Banner. In January 1815,
Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle
of New Orleans. The battle took place after the
war had officially ended. News of a treaty had
not yet arrived.
13
The war was not popular with everyone.
A group of Federalists held the Hartford
Convention in December 1814 to consider secession
and making a separate peace with Britain. After
the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were
discredited as traitors and by 1820, the
Federalist Party had disappeared.
14
The War of 1812