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Objectives

• Compare the candidates in the election of 1860,
  and analyze the results.
• Analyze why southern states seceded from the
  Union.
• Assess the events that led to the outbreak of
  war.

2
Terms and People

• Jefferson Davis Mississippi senator who became
  president of the Confederacy
• John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat nominated
  for president in the 1860 election
• Confederate States of America formed in
  February 1861 by seven states that left the Union
• Crittenden Compromise proposed constitutional
  amendment allowing slavery in all territories
  south of the Missouri Compromise line
• Fort Sumter federal fort in Charleston, South
  Carolina, where first shots of Civil War were
  fired

3
How did the Union finally collapse into a civil
war?
Disagreement between the North and South over
slavery continued, despite last-minute attempts
such as the Crittenden Compromise. With the
election of Lincoln to the presidency, the crisis
came to a head.
4

• The election of 1860 had four candidates.

5
A Democrat, John C. Breckinridge was from
Kentucky.

• He believed the federal government must protect
  slavery.

6

• A Democrat, Stephen A. Douglas was from
  Illinois.

He believed popular sovereignty should decide the
slavery issue when territories became states.
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A Republican, Abraham Lincoln was from Illinois.

• He believed slavery should not be allowed in the
  territories.

8
Constitutional Unionist John Bell was from
Tennessee.

• He believed the federal government should
  support slavery and defend the Union.

9

• With no national candidate dominating the
  campaign, Lincoln won with just over half of the
  electoral votes needed and 40 percent of the
  popular vote.

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However, the South felt it no longer had a voice
in the national government and did not see how it
could remain in the Union.
The vote for Abraham Lincoln was mostly a vote
for moderation toward the issue of slavery and a
vote for the Union.
11

• South Carolina was the first southern state to
  leave the Union.
• At a state convention held six weeks after
  Election Day, legislators voted to secede. It
  was a unanimous vote.

X
12

• Outgoing President Buchanan publicly condemned
  South Carolinas action.
• However, he did not use force to prevent it.
• Within weeks, six other Southern states followed
  South Carolina.

13
The states with the largest enslaved populations
seceded.
14
The constitution of the Confederate States of
America

• closely resembled the U.S. Constitution.
• stressed the independence of each state.
• implied that states had the right to secede.
• forbid importing new slaves from other countries.

15

• Jefferson Davis, former senator from Mississippi,
  became president of the Confederate States of
  America.

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When Lincoln took office

• he urged peace between the Confederacy and the
  Union.
• he decided to try to hold on to the Union forts
  the Confederacy claimed, such as Fort Sumter.

However, Confederate forces attacked and
captured the fort in defiance of Lincoln.
17
After Fort Sumter fell, Lincoln declared that
insurrection existed.
Four more southern states immediately joined the
Confederacy.
18

• A Nation Divided by Civil War

The issue of slavery had long divided the nation,
even at the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
The economic sectional differences in the
mid-1800s also greatly contributed to the
national division.
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Predictions were the Civil War would be short,
but it lasted for four terrible years.
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