Lecture 12: Other Animal Tissues

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Lecture 12 Other Animal Tissues
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2- Skeletal Connective Tissues ??????? ??????
????????
A- Bone ?????

• Produces solid matrix of calcium phosphate and
  collagen fibers.
• Each osteon????? ????? (Haversian systems) has a
  central canal containing blood vessels and
  nerves.
• Bone is harder than cartilage.
• The functions of bone are support, movement,
  protection of internal organs, mineral storage
  (calcium, phosphate) and blood cell development.

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B- Cartilage ???????

• Support soft tissues (nose, ear, trachea and
  vertebral discs).
• Sliding areas for joints, facilitate bone
  movements.
• The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte
  ???? ???????
• Cells are found in Lacunae ????? (????) within
  the matrix.
• Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic

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3- Blood (Vascular Tissue) ???? (?????? ???????)

• The matrix is a liquid called plasma (55)
• 90 water
• 10 proteins, hormones, vitamins, nutrients etc.
• There are three types of blood cells (45).

Blood cells Functions
1- Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Carry oxygen
2- Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) Defense against microbe
3- Platelets blood clotting
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Third Muscular tissues ??????? ???????

• Characterized by ????? ??? ???
• Tissue with cells having muscle fibers ?????
  ????? specialized for contraction ????????.
• It has large numbers of myofibrils???????? ?????
  made of the contractile proteins actin ???????
  and myosin????????

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Types of Muscular Tissues

• There are three types of muscular tissues in the
  vertebrate body.
• 1- Skeletal Muscles ??????? ????????
• It attaches to bones by tendons ???????
• Responsible for voluntary movements ???????
  ????????
• Also called striated muscles ????? ?????
• 2- Cardiac muscles ??????? ???????
• It is found in the wall of the heart.
• Cardiac muscles are branched.
• Intercalated disc ??????? ???????
• 3- Smooth muscles ??????? ???????
• No striations.
• It is found in the walls of the digestive system,
  urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal
  organs.
• The shape of the cells are spindle-shaped ?????
  ???????

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Fourth Nervous tissues ??????? ???????

• Nervous tissue is the main component of the
  nervous system.
• The functional unit of nervous tissue is the
  neuron ????????, or nerve cell.
• It consists of three parts a cell body ???
  ??????, a single axon ?????? and dendrites
  ??????? ???????
• Dendrites transmit nerve impulses from their tips
  toward the rest of the neuron.
• Axons transmit impulses toward another neuron,
  muscles or glands.

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