Chris Burgess (1??1308??????164)

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?????????(??)
Chris Burgess (1??1308??????164) cburgess_at_tsuda.ac
.jp http//edu.tsuda.ac.jp/cburgess
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AFL urges Australia to back referendum
?????????????????
(??????????????????????????)
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Aboriginal teen model makes history after
reaching Miss World Australia finals

• An Aboriginal teenager from a tiny outback
  township will be the first indigenous model to
  represent the Northern Territory in Miss World
  Australia after she was spotted by a scout while
  withdrawing money from an ATM.
• Ms Maymurus "breakthrough" follows the growing
  success of Aboriginal models in the wake of
  Samantha Harris, the first Aboriginal
  supermodel.
• "Maymaru is smashing stereotyped notions of
  blonde, blue-eyed beauty," said academic Dr Liz
  Conor.
• .

1 June 2016
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History of Japan-Australia Relations
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1867 Meiji Restoration (????)

• Japanese permitted to travel abroad

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1867 12??Great Dragon Troupe (???????)??????????
???????
Early Japan-Australia Relations ??????????????????

• 1874 13??Royal Tycoon Troupe ???????????????

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Pearl (??) Diving (1874)
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Thursday Island
1893 500?
1914 574?
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Pearl (??) Diving
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1891 322?
Broome
1914 1,166?
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1878 ????? (???????? ) 1882 ???? (?????????)
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Sugar Cane (?????) Plantation, QLD, 1896
1911 357?
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MIGRATION RISE FALL

• 1893-98 Peak years of J. migration
• 1901 3,554 Japanese native speakers in
  Australia
• 1901 Immigration Restriction Act (?????)
• Naturalisation certificates of Japanese cancelled
• 1904 Revision to allow temporary visas for
  handful of tourists, students, merchants

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WWI (???????) AFTER

• 1914-18
• Japan and Australia allies (navy)
• 1919 Paris Peace Conference
• Australian PM Hughes rejected Japanese idea for
  racial equality clause in draft covenant of
  League of Nations (???? )
• Japanese deeply offended

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Trade (??)

• Wool and wheat exports to Japan rising
• 7 of Australia exports to Japan in 1919
• 14 of exports to Japan by 1936
• TRADE DIVERSION POLICY (1936)
• Trade diverted from bad to good countries
• Stopped after 18 months following severe damage
  to Australian exports

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Why such Racism (????)?

• Yellow Peril (?????)
• Fear of Japan illness (???)
• Fear of flood (??) of cheap goods labour

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WWII (???????) AFTER

• 1941
• Japanese either sent home or interned (????) in
  3 camps
• (rounded up 24 hours after Pearl Harbour)
• 1945 (Nov.)
• Only 74 Japanese and 80 Australian-born Japanese
  allowed to stay others sent home
  (repatriated)

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INTERNMENT (????????)
Half over-65
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INTERNMENT (????????)
Sergeant Hajime Toyoshima 1st Japanese POW
(????) shot down during air-raid on Darwin)
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330km West of Sydney (???)
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INTERNMENT (??)
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COWRA BREAKOUT (????)

• 1000 Japanese inmates tried to escape
• 300 successfully escaped
• 234 died, 108 wounded (183 shot, others committed
  suicide)
• Number of guards killed
• Shame of surrender
• imprisonment?

(1944.08)
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All-recaptured
August 9th 1944
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The prisoners didnt know how the war was
actually going, he began. But we had no doubt
about the rule that Imperial Japanese troops must
not allow themselves to become prisoners of the
enemy. So there was no alternative for us except
to die, and we agreed to finish our lives that
way. Yet because of a basic human instinct, many
of the men including me didnt want to die.
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http//cowratourism.com.au/
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????????????? ????????????????(???)?????????????

• Play written by Yoji Sakate who visited the
  Japanese war cemetery in Cowra in 2005.
• Explores Cowras resonance with todays Japan. It
  is a play within a play, involving present-day
  students making a film about the breakout.
• Links made in Japan nuclear disaster actions
  at Cowra there isthe typical docility of
  Japanese, and their willingness to
  unquestioningly accept the orders of group
  leaders. (??????????????????311????(?)??????????
  (???)?????????????)

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Registered Aliens Interned
Japanese descent
German descent
Italian descent
1141/1175
c.f. US 112,000
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You will remember that in the Japanese cases
there was nothing known against the bulk of them
and that were interned merely because they were
Japanese, following upon an order issued by the
Army in December 1941 Acting Director-General of
Security Service, 1945
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RACISM (??(??)??)

• An ideology based on an unfounded belief in the
  existence of different races that involves
  locating the subgroups on a hierarchy.

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i.e. racismattitude/idea (??)c.f. racial
discriminationaction
Racism is an ideology
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??????????????????????

• ???????????? racism???????????????????????racism
  ? racial discrimination??????????????????????????
  ????racism??????????????????????racism????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????

?????????? (2000)
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Like other kinds of discrimination (such as
sexual discrimination) what matters is not the
actors intention but the how the action is
received
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?????????
? ?
????????? ??????????

• ??????????

????2000?4?3?
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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION EXAMPLES

• AUSTRALIA PAST
• AUSTRALIA NOW
• JAPAN PAST
• JAPAN NOW

Be as concrete as possible list specific events
or incidents!
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?????????(??)
Chris Burgess (1??1308??????164) cburgess_at_tsuda.ac
.jp http//edu.tsuda.ac.jp/cburgess