Global 10 Mid-Term Review

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Global 10 Mid-Term Review
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Enlightenment-18th century

• Cause
• questioning attitude of Scientific Revolution
• belief that reason can decide what are the best
  types of government

• Effect
• theories of balanced government, natural rights,
  rule by the people
• less impact on Europe (absolutists) than US
  (revolution results in democracy)

3
French Revolution-1789

• Cause
• terrible French debt poverty
• high tax burden on Third Estate middle lower
  classes
• lack of voting political rights of Third
  Estate (especially middle class)

• Effect
• Louis XVI executed
• nationalism
• Napoleons rise to power and wars of conquest

4
Latin American Revolutions-c.1800 on

• Cause
• Enlightenment ideas French American examples
  of success
• domination by European parent countries
• Colonial system in which only peninsulares had
  power or influence (middle class creoles and
  lower class want)

• Effect
• European domination ended
• new ruling triangle of wealthy landowners,
  military, Catholic Church still oppress the poor

5
The Age of Napoleon c. 1800

• Cause
• French Revolution disruption death lead to
  desire for stable government
• nationalist attitude

• Effect
• temporary wide-spread European conquests
• spread of nationalist attitude to other kingdoms
• Congress of Vienna restored balance of power

6
Nationalism mid-19th century

• Cause
• French Revolution example
• attitude that people with the same culture
  should be part of the same country
• unequal treatment by many monarchs of minority
  groups in their territories

• Effect
• formation of nation-states like Italy Germany
• breaking up of big empires with large number of
  ethnic groups like the Ottoman Empire
  Austria-Hungary (by the end of WWI)

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Industrial Revolution-19th century

• Cause
• new inventions improve speed of manufacture
  lower cost of production
• move of farmers to cities for more reliable work

• Effect
• large percent of lower class employed in
  factories with all their dangers long hours
• rise of middle-class factory owners overseers
• economic theories laissez-faire no government
  regulation supply demand mercantilism
  protectionism with high tariffs more exports
  than imports

8
New Imperialism 19th century

• Cause
• demand for raw materials markets in industrial
  production
• European nationalism, racism White Mans
  Burden , and greed

• Effect
• European conquest of most of Africa, India, S-E
  Asia partitioning of China into influence
  spheres
• destruction of local economies political
  systems

9
Irish Potato Famine

• Cause
• Irish dependent of potato crop for main food
  source (after Contact era)
• potato blight disease hits in 1840

• Effect
• 1 million starve to death
• huge immigration to the US
• British colonial indifference

10
Communism

• Cause
• poor working/living conditions for factory
  workers
• Karl Marxs belief that the poor workers
  (proletariat) would rise up against the factory
  owners (bourgeoisie) and take over the factors of
  production creating a classless society

• Effect
• Russian Communism not true to Marx society not
  classless
• Marxs theory used to enforce collective farms
  and terrible conditions to make Russia catch up
  in heavy industry under Stalin

11
WWI 1914-1918

• Cause
• nationalism Russia and Serbia (Slavic) want
  control of Bosnia but Austria-Hungary takes it
  over Franz-Ferdinand assassination
• new weapons technology (planes, subs, gas,
  machine guns) built-up armies
• system of opposing alliances treaties (MAIN)

• Effect
• Germany received most blame in Treaty of
  Versailles punished balance of power
• new technology causes huge of deaths
• breakup of empires territories change hands

12
New Middle East-post WWI

• Cause
• breakup of Ottoman Empire into states Armenian
  Massacre
• desire for self-government
• democratic vs. authoritarian ideas of government

• Effect
• Ataturks democratic government in Turkey
• authoritarian governments in Iran (Pahlavi) and
  Saudi Arabia (Saud)
• oil wealth makes Middle-East powerful in world
  market

13
Russian Revolution-1917

• Cause
• Serfdom in Russia until late 1800s keeps poverty
  high industrialization low
• absolutist rule of Nicholas II
• failures in WWI

• Effect
• Bolshevik (Communists) come to power
• withdrawal from WWI
• Lenins dictatorship economic improvement
• Stalins totalitarianism collective farms
  5-Year-Plans for industrialization police state
  (purges, gulags famines)

14
WWII 1939-1945

• Cause
• rise of racist Nazi Fascist parties in times
  of economic hardship (Hitler, Mussolini)
• German nationalist aggression in Rhineland,
  Czechoslovakia, Poland Italian in Ethiopia
  Japanese in China (all by 1939)
• policy of appeasement by France Britain to
  avoid war

• Effect
• Holocaust
• defeat of Germany, Italy, and Japan by Allies
• first war crimes trials in history Nuremberg
  1945

15
Cold War post 1945

• Cause
• division of the world between communist states
  led by the USSR and democratic states of Western
  Europe and the US
• competition between USSR US over spreading
  communism in Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin
  America

• Effect
• US policies protecting Europe and providing
  money to combat communist spread Truman
  Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO
• Iron Curtain division between W. Europe and E.
  Europe Soviet satellite states
• arms race between US USSR

16
Human Rights Violations

• Cause
• scapegoating
• de-humanizing an ethnic group
• greedy brutality
• economic advantage
• nationalism

• Effect
• Armenian Genocide
• Nanjing Massacre
• Holocaust