Forestry Industry in Canada

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• Forestry Industry in Canada

What is logging? Basically, cutting down trees
and selling the wood. Something tells me these
guys arent making a lot of money though.
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vGTmgW3DZl-4
425 mins
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Forestry

1. Canadas Forest Resource
2. Methods of Harvesting Forests
3. Forestry Issues

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• Forests in Canada

• Forests cover 42 of Canada
• 4, 187, 820 kilometers squared
• Almost half of Canada

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Commercial VS. Non Commercial

• 25 are commercial forests
• 17 are Non- Commercial Forests
• 58 is Non- Forested

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Value of Forest Industry
Pulp and Paper Products
Other Provinces 7286 million
Quebec 11575 million
British Columbia 7514 million
Ontario 10018 million
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Value of Forest Industry
Wood Products
Other Provinces 780 million
New Brunswick 751 million
Alberta 1731 million
British Columbia 11 234 million
Ontario 3454 million
Quebec 5306 million
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• - Over 45 of BC s total area is commercial
  forest.
• BC contains many softwood trees to make lumber
  out of.
• This is majority the Montane forest region thus
  making it the largest commercial forest region.

http//geology.com/canada/british-columbia-map.gif

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Softwood and Hardwood
Softwood Comes from coniferous trees and hardwood
comes from deciduous trees. Hardwoods usually
come from slower growing trees. Softwoods grow
in huge sections of just softwoods, but hardwoods
are mostly found with many varieties of other
trees.
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Why is Central Canada the leading Pulp and Paper
producer?

• High energy rate
• Hydro energy provided energy needed
• Central Canada was full of rivers providing the
  energy needed.
• When Pulp and Paper became a major industry,
  central Canada was full of willing workers to
  build and work the mills.

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vFJDD9VCSfpY
  236mins

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Continued

• Trees in central Canada were perfect for
  newspaper
• Newspaper required no or little chemicals
• Newspaper quickly became the best selling form of
  paper
• Central Canada was also close to the main buyers
  of Newspaper. The U.S.A.
• Newspaper saw rapid growth in sales around WW1,
  WW2 and still continues to see growth today.

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Some Problems

• Trees used in paper face disease,
  over-farming/bad soil, and being used for other
  purposes (ex Furniture)
• As more information becomes digital, paper is
  becoming obsolete, specifically newspaper
• People are beginning to concern themselves with
  the environment, and logging, pulp, etc is
  becoming vilified in the public mind.

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Why is B.C. the leading producer of Canadas
lumber?

• B.C. is full of Softwood, a preferred wood for
  furniture, planks, etc..
• Once demand for North American softwood came from
  China and Japan, prices and exports soared.
• Because B.C. is closest to Asia, B.C. sends most
  of the wood.
• B.C. is now experiencing a growth bubble
• B.C. is now exporting most of Canadas wood.

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Why is the number of Sawmills decreasing?

• Sawmills decreased because of recession, dispute,
  and decreased demand.
• In 2009 a recession hit and lumber decreased
  exceptionally
• A dispute between the U.S. about softwood trade
  lowered lumber sales
• Decreased demand was because of recycling, less
  need, etc

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Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear-cutting
Shelterwood Cutting
Selective cutting
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Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear Cutting
Loggers remove every tree and leave a barren
landscape.
When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in
species and size
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Methods of Harvesting Forests
Shelterwood Cutting
Involves clear-cutting only part of an old growth
forest
Small groups of seed bearing trees are left so
the area will regenerate.
Shelterwood method is often used in forests that
have grown and aged evenly
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Methods of Harvesting Forests
Selective Cutting
Only mature trees of the desired size, type or
quality
Another shot of the same stand in an area that
has been finished--except for picking up a few
logs.  The stand is about 65 years old.
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Comparing Logging Techniques
Harvesting Process Ease of Logging Cost Ecological Protection
Clear Cutting Clear Cutting is the easiest type of logging because you just cut everything down Clear Cutting is not very costly because all you do is chop everything, unless the workers charge by the tree This method provides no form of ecological protection whatsoever.
Shelterwood Logging This method is moderately difficult because you have to pick out certain generations of trees to cut. Shelterwood logging is moderately cost effective because you get the money over time. This method provides solid protection for the young saplings that are planted to replace the big ones.
Selective Cutting Selective cutting is very easy because you only have to cut down one or two trees Selective cutting does not cost a lot because you are cutting down one or two trees. Selective cutting is traditionally thought to be economically sustainable but recent research has shown that it is actually harmful.
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BC Forests Environment or Industry?

• ENVIROMENTAL POINT OF VIEW
• Looking at the forests of British Columbia
  you cant help but think that these forests are
  some of the most beautiful forests and they
  should be preserved.

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Environmental Point of View

• After all the BC forests are home to more
  than 20 native animal types including the flying
  squirrel, the peregrine falcon, and the white
  tailed deer.

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Environmental Point of View

• If the forests were to be cut down the would
  be catastrophic consequences to all of these
  animals who rely on these forests as a habitat.

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Industrial Point of View

• To not meet Chinas supply needs would be a
  serious blow to the economic recovery in British
  Columbia. 10 of British Columbias economy is
  dependant upon the lumber industry and China is
  40 of the total exports.