Canada%20and%20the%20%205%20Themes%20of%20Geography

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Canada and the 5 Themes of Geography A Study
Guide
Our neighbor to the north
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The 5 Themes of Geography

• Location

where places are

• Place

characteristics of places and the people who live
there

• Human/Environment Interaction

relationships between people and their
environments

• Movement

movement of material, people, or ideas among
places

• Regions

areas sharing several characteristics
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Location

• Geographers want to know
• Where is it?
• Absolute Location (the address)
• Relative Location (where is it in relation to
  other places?)

• Why is it located there?

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Absolute Location and Canada

• Does Canada have an address?

Cities and towns in Canada do!
Each place in Canada has an address.
Geographers identify these addresses
using
Latitude
Longitude
AND
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Windsor, Ontario, Canadas absolute location
is 42 16' N Latitude 82 58' W Longitude
Using latitude and longitude, we can identify the
absolute location of any place on the globe!
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Relative Location and Canada
Canada is west of ____________. Canada is east of
____________. Canada is south of
____________. Canada is north of
____________. These statements are examples of
Canadas relative location!
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More examples of relative location

• Canada is just a short drive from Detroit.
• Vancouver, Canada is southeast of Alaska.
• Canada is northeast of Hawaii.
• Much of Canada is south of Alaska.
• Canada is north of most areas of the United
  States, but not all!
• Toronto is southwest of Maine.
• Can you think of another example?

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PLACE
What is it like?
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EXAMINING PLACE Physical (natural)
Characteristics

• What are Canadas major landforms?
• What are Canadas major bodies of water?
• What types of plants and animals can be found in
  Canada?
• Describe Canadas climate.
• Describe Canadas soil.
• Does Canada have any minerals?

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EXAMINING PLACE Human Characteristics

• How large is Canadas population?
• What cultural characteristics are found in the
  people of Canada?
• How does Canada use its land?
• What roads could you find in Canada?
• What buildings could you find in Canada?
• What are Canadas major economic activities?

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HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
How do people interact with and change their
environments?
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Human Use people depend on the environment and
its resources
What resources do Canadians use?
Lets try this
Its a big country
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Using the Resources of Canada
How are these resources used?
Examples of important resources
Provinces and Territories
fishing industry farming mining shipping tourism

• fish
• Atlantic Ocean
• minerals
• land

• ATLANTIC (MARITIME) PROVINCES
• Nova Scotia
• Prince Edward Island
• New Brunswick
• Newfoundland and Labrador

• St. Lawrence Seaway
• Great Lakes (4 of 5)
• minerals

manufacturing shipping steel
tourism

• Ontario
• Quebec

farming ranching mining oil production

• fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)
• fertile soil
• trees
• cattle

• PRAIRIE PROVINCES
• Alberta
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan

forest industry lumber
processing processing lumber shipping paper
manufacturing hydroelectric power

• trees
• lakes
• rivers

• British Columbia

mining

• animals
• fish
• minerals

• THE TERRITORIES
• Yukon Territory
• Nunavut
• Northwest Territories

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Human Adaptation people change in response to
different environments
How have Canadians adapted to their varied
environments?
Its a big country
Lets try this
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See if you can complete these sentences

• Most Canadians live within 100 miles of Canadas
  southern border because __________________________
  ________.
• The shelters in northern Canada are different
  from the ones in southern Canada because
  _______________________________________________.
• The reason farming is a major industry in the
  Prairie Provinces is _____________________________
  ________.
• The reason few farmers live in the Canadian
  Shield is ________________________________________
  _______.
• The St. Lawrence Lowlands region is the home of
  many major industries because ____________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________________________.

Canadas northern climate is too severe for most
Canadians.
Canadians build shelters based on the environment
and climate.
the Prairie Provinces have very fertile soil so
farming is profitable.
there is very little soil for farming in the
Canadian Shield.
The St. Lawrence Seaway provides a major shipping
route making it profitable for many industries to
locate there.
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Human Impactpeople change the environment
How have Canadians changed their environment?
Its a big country
Lets try this
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Explain how each of the following has changed
Canadas environment.

• The St. Lawrence Seaway
• The Mining Industry
• The Timber Industry
• The Agriculture Industry

The seaway added canals and locks to bypass the
narrow and shallow parts of the St. Lawrence
River.
The land has been altered as minerals and fossil
fuels have been removed from the ground.
Forests have been cleared for timber. Roads have
been built to transport the timber for processing.
Land has been plowed and vegetation removed to
make way for crops. Farming communities have
used other lands previously empty.
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MOVEMENT

• Movement of Material
• Movement of People and Other Living Things
• Movement of Ideas and Information

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Movement of Materials
Transportation by nature
Transportation by people
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MIGRATIONmovement of PEOPLE and other LIVING
THINGS

• Movement of People

• Movement of Other Living Things

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DIFFUSIONmovement of IDEAS and INFORMATION

• Movement of Ideas

• Movement of Information

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Which type(s) of movement?Can you tell the
difference? Be prepared to explain your answers.
(Note There could be more than one correct
answer!)
EXAMPLE MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL MIGRATION (people and other living things) DIFFUSION (ideas and information)
French is spoken by almost all of Montreals citizens.
British Columbias ports link Canada to its Asian trading partners.
Canadas earliest people came from Asia.
Separatists want Quebec to become an independent country.
The Canadian government is modeled on the British government.
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REGIONS

• How can we generalize about areas of the world?
• Which places share similar characteristics or
  processes?

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Types of Regions

• Natural or Physical Regions
• Places (areas) that share a physical
  characteristic or process (landforms, climate,
  other physical characteristics)

• Human Regions
• Places (areas) that share economic, political, or
  human characteristics

• Composite Regions
• Places (areas) that share several characteristics
  (culture regions and ecosystems)

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IMPORTANT!!!!!

• A place might belong to many different regions at
  the same time.
• Example- Windsor, Ontario
• Windsor is in the political region of the
  province of Ontario.
• Windsor is in the economic region of
  Quebec/Ontario.
• Windsor is in the physical region of the St.
  Lawrence Lowlands.

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Canadas Physical Regions

• Canadian Shield
• St. Lawrence Lowlands
• Appalachian
• Interior Plains
• Western Mountains
• Hudson Bay Lowlands
• Arctic Islands

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Canadas Human Regions Political
PROVINCES TERRITORIES
Nova Scotia Yukon Territory
Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories
New Brunswick Nunavut
Newfoundland and Labrador
Ontario
Quebec
Alberta
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
British Columbia
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Canadas Human Regions Economic

• Atlantic (Maritime) Provinces
• Ontario and Quebec
• Prairie Provinces
• British Columbia
• The Territories

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The Atlantic (Maritime) Provinces

• The regions provinces have at least one border
  on the Atlantic Ocean or one of its gulfs and
  seas.
• The fishing industry employs approximately 3 of
  the regions workers.
• Most jobs in the region are in manufacturing,
  farming, mining, shipping, and tourism.

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Quebec and Ontario

• Region considered the heartland of Canada
• An economic region that contains two separate
  cultural (Composite) regions
• Ontario
• English Canadian
• Quebec
• French-Canadian
• Region holds most of Canadas population and two
  largest cities
• Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, Ontario
• Region produces most of Canadas manufactured
  goods
• Region produces a range of consumer goods and
  products from other industries, including iron
  and steel
• Region located near major waterways
• St. Lawrence Seaway provides direct access to the
  Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean
• Regions major centers of economic activity
• Quebec Montreal
• Ontario The Golden Horseshoe (including Toronto)

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The Prairie Provinces

• Largest cities in the region
• Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta
• Winnipeg in Manitoba
• Fertile soil great farming
• Known as Canadas breadbasket. Southern portion
  of the region has many wheat farms and ranches.
• Northern portion of the region covered by
  forests.
• Region supplies most of Canadas fossil fuels
  including
• Coal
• Oil
• Natural gas

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British Columbia

• Region includes a single province
• Largest city is Vancouver
• Contains Canadas busiest port
• Links Canada to trading partners in Asia and the
  United States
• Contains evergreen forests and many rivers and
  lakes
• Economic activities
• Cutting trees
• Processing lumber
• Manufacturing paper
• Fishing
• Recreation
• Hydroelectric power

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The Territories

• Region covers a huge area of northern Canada (40
  of Canadas total land area!)
• Very few people
• No large cities
• Most people meet their basic needs by
• Hunting
• Fishing
• Little major economic activity other than
• Mining

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The 5 Themes of Geographyremember?

• Location

• Place

• Human/Environment Interaction

• Movement

• Regions