MEMORY

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MEMORY INTELLIGENCE
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MEMORY The input, storage, and retrieval of what
has been learned or experienced
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Sensory Memory works as a filter. It allows us
time to determine what to pay attention to.
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SPOT THE REAL PENNY
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MAINTENANCE vs. ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL
Even though you live in the United States and
probably see hundreds of pennies a week, it is
difficult to identify the real one from fake
ones. Mere repetition, such as seeing something
over and over again does not guarantee a strong
memory.
Maintenance Rehearsal repetition
Elaborative Rehearsal linking new information
to material that is already known
Improves your chances of remembering it!!!!
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Short-Term or Working Memory
Use it or lose it!!!!!
Working with information..
Chunking Grouping items to make them easier to
remember
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Short-Term or Working Memory
Use it or lose it!!!!!
Working with information..
Mnemonic Devices Techniques for using
associations to memorize and retrieve information
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Long-Term Memory
Types of Long-Term Memory
Episodic memory memory of our own life
(Personal facts)
Semantic memory knowledge of language,
including rules, words, and meanings
Declarative memory Stored knowledge called
forth consciously as needed includes episodic
and semantic
Procedural memory Storage of learned skills
that does not require conscious recollection
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Memory and the Brain
We are still learning about the role of the brain
in MEMORY. To what extent the brain is involved
is still being determined.
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Retrieving Information
Key Organization of info in LTM
Recognition the ability to pick the correct
object or event from a list of choices
Recall the ability to bring back and integrate
many specific learned details
The brain IS NOT a video recorder
Reconstructive Processes the alteration of a
recalled memory depending on experiences and
attitudes
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FACT 59-year-old Akira Haraguchi recited from
memory the first 83,431 decimal places of pi,
earning a spot in the Guinness World Records.
FACT Super card sharks can memorize the order of
a shuffled deck of cards in less than a minute
FACT According to evidence, it's impossible to
recall images with near perfect accuracy
Photographic memory ability to form sharp,
detailed visual images of a picture or page and
to recall exactly what you saw.
DOES IT EXIST?
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• Eidetic Memory The ability to remember with
  great accuracy visual information on the basis of
  short-term exposure

5 of children
Very rare in adults
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• Eyewitness Testimony
• It is often wrong
• Involves recognition
• Memory of event is often distorted
• Eyewitnesses can be misled by questioning

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FORGETTING
Types
Decay fading away of memory over time
Amnesia loss of memory as a result of a blow to
head or brain damage. Other causes Stress/Drugs
Interference blockage of a memory by previous
or subsequent memories or loss of a retrieval cue

• Proactive Interference prior learning interferes
  with learning new information
• Retroactive Interference newly learned
  information interferes with previously learned
  information

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DID YOU KNOW!
Flashbulb Memories are vivid recollections of
events that are shocking or emotional
The SQ3R method of studying improves your ability
to recognize and recall information
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INTELLIGENCE IQ TESTING
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INTELLIGENCE
The ability to acquire new ideas and new
behavior, and to adapt to new situations.
Different views on Intelligence exist
Emotional Intelligence The ability to perceive,
use, understand, and regulate emotions.
Two-Factor Theory Intelligence includes a
general ability (g) level and specific mental
abilities (s)
Gardners Multiple Intelligence Theory Numerous
(8) and unrelated intelligences
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INTELLIGENCE TEST
Measure IQ, or a standardized measure of
intelligence based on a scale of which 100 is
average

• Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• Originally meant for children adapted for
  adults
• Groups test items by age level
• 100 is average for given age

• Wechsler Tests
• More common today
• Three versions (2-6, 6-16, 16-89)
• More detailed scoring

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IQ SCORES What do they mean?
Average score is 100
Traditionally 70 or below mentally handicapped
Good indicator of success in school
Do not predict success in the real world
Nature v. Nurture Both genetic factors the
environment play a role in IQ. The each
contributes is debatable.
Cultural Bias wording used in questions may be
more familiar to people or one social group than
to another group