Midterm Review

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Midterm Review

• Test is on Wednesday, Jan. 13

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Georgia Geography

• States that border Georgia
• Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina,
  South Carolina
• Georgias location
• Eastern United States, South, Southeastern United
  States
• Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
• North America Continent.
• RIVERS
• Savannah, St. Marys, and Chattahoochee.

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• Barrier Islands protect the mainland by blocking
  much of the wind, sands, and water that erode the
  mainland
• Five Geographical Regions/goods produced.
• Appalachian Plateau/coal
• Ridge and Valley/ carpet, textiles, apples
• Blue Ridge/ wood
• Piedmont/agriculture, manufacturing
• Coastal/agriculture-fishing

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Regions

• Largest-Coastal
• Smallest- Appalachian
• Divided by Fall Line- Coastal and Piedmont
• Most agricultural products- Coastal
• Southern section of Appalachian- Ridge and
  Valley, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau.

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Regions continued

• Bedrock- Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge
• Most populated/ most business centers- Piedmont
• Okefenokee Swamp-
• Size half million acres
• Features primitive wetland home to hundreds of
  species of plants, animals (many endangered),
  giant cypress trees.
• Location Outer Coastal Plain near Waycross and
  Folkston.

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• Aquifers underground natural water storage
• Cities along the Fall Line
• Macon, Augusta, Milledgeville, Roberta, Thomson,
  Warrenton
• Developed because settlers could not travel over
  steep, rushing water and provided a good source
  of energy.

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Prehistoric Native Americans

• Changes- Weapons, Food and Dwellings
• Four Groups Paleo, Archaic, Woodlands, and
  Mississippian
• Why little evidence found from earliest cultures
• Moved with food
• Why they began staying in permanent
  settlementsbegan to grow food.
• Why archaeologists think they believed in life
  after death Burial sites with items to be used
  in afterlife
• Mississippi Culture advanced because villages,
  dwellings, religion, farming.

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Exploration and Colonization

• Why Explore Gold, Glory, Trade Route
• Major colonizers France, Spain, England
• Columbus thought he was off the coast of India
  and therefore the inhabitants were called
  Indians
• Role of Missions claim land, spread religion
• De Sotos impact killed many Native Americans
  looking for gold.
• Mercantilism export more than import,

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Geographical Differences

• New England-cold, rugged terrain with rocky soil,
  small family farmsShipbuilding, whaling, fishing
  and furniture building
• Middle- milder climate, rich soils, large farms,
  wheat-manufacturing, mining textiles,
  shipbuilding
• Southern Colonies-mildest climate, rich soils,
  large plantations, tobacco, rice, silk,
  indigo-Casks and barrels made from pine forests.

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Colonial Georgia

• Oglethorpe important because of his involvement
  in the first Georgia Colony-founder
• Oglethorpe interested because he had a friend
  that was a debtor, in prison.
• Groups not allowed in colony-Catholics, blacks,
  liquor dealers lawyers
• Buffer-defend from Spanish-Florida, and
  French-east from Mississippi Valley
• Georgia Charter of 1732-21 trustees, granted
  special rights had privileges of all lands,
  between the Savannah and the Territories
• Rules must defend colony, land could not be
  sold, must cultivate land, plant mulberry seeds,
  must obey all regulations.
• Ship that transported-The Anne
• Musgrove and Tomochichi- helped the Georgia
  Colony, Musgrove interpreter, Tomochichi-head of
  Yamacraw tribe.
• First Settlement-near the mouth of the Savannah
  River
• Original design for Savannah four squares,
  divided into blocks (tythings,or wards)
• Why people were discontenteddid not like-
  passing land on to male heirs only, mulberry
  trees and plant were not growing, Wanted to have
  slaves and large plantations like South Carolina

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• Groups and contributions Salzburgers-Ebenezer-mov
  ed to New Ebenezer
• John and Charles Wesley-founded the Methodist
  Church
• Events dealing with the Spanish threat in
  FloridaWar of Jenkins Ear-Oglethorpe took
  2000- had to retreat/Bloody Marsh
• Governors and contributions
• John Reynolds,
• Changes from a Trustee Colony to a Royal Colony

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Answers to Mid-Term reviewThe Revolutionary Era

• Explain who was involved in the French and Indian
  War America, Britain, France, and Native
  Americans
• How did the war lead to the American
  Revolution/Revolutionary War? Settlers were
  angry with Gr. Britain for the taxes imposed.
  Great Britain felt a need for the taxes to help
  with debts accrued from the Fr/Indian War. Also,
  the colonists felt they should be able to move to
  areas farther west. And, the colonists were sick
  of control by Mother England and the king.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Explain how the Proclamation of 1763 impacted
  Georgia moved out states southern boundary to
  the St. Marys River and forbade colonists to
  settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. The
  Native Americans were also forced to give up
  lands between the Ogeechee and Savannah Rivers.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Explain the acts passed by England the reaction
  of the colonists to each Sugar Act tax on
  sugar (colonists refused to use sugar), Stamp Act
  tax on stamp placed on all legal
  documents/papers (people got angry and burned the
  effigy of the stamp master), Townshend Acts tax
  on lead, tea, paint, glass (colonists refused to
  use these items), Tea Act tax on tea (colonists
  started drinking coffee), Quartering Act
  colonists had to house and feed British soldiers
  (colonists mad at having to house the soldiers in
  their homes), and Intolerable Acts closed
  Boston Harbor, meetings watched, quartering of
  soldiers, and British officials tried in England
  instead of America.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Explain why Georgia was less anti-British than
  many other colonies Georgia was still reliant
  financially and emotionally on England (new
  colony vs. older northern colonies)

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Revolutionary War - answers

• List Georgias representative to the 2nd
  Continental Congress Lyman Hall

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Explain the purpose of the Declaration of
  Independence and name its primary author to let
  Great Britain and the King know the colonists
  feelings on the laws he enforced and taxes he
  imposed, the author was Thomas Jefferson.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Describe the names given to the people fighting
  on either side of the war and why colonists were
  divided Tories in favor of staying on side of
  Gr. Britain, Patriots in favor of independence
  from Gt. Britain, Fence Sitters ones still
  deciding which side to go with. Many people had
  divided families because some family members
  wanting independence and others wanting to stick
  with Gr. Britain.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Name important Georgians during the Rev. War and
  describe their roles Nancy Hart fought
  against soldiers entering her home, Elijah Clarke
  led a militia group to victory against British
  troops at Kettle Creek and Austin Dabney fought
  at the Battle of Kettle Creek and fought for
  rights for people of color fighting in the war.

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Revolutionary War - answers

• Describe the events involved in the Battle of
  Kettle Creek and the Siege of Savannah Kettle
  Creek militia troop defeated British soldiers
  and proved to be a morale booster for American
  soldiers
• - Siege of Savannah British attacked Savannah
  Americans fought back with help of French the
  Am. and Fr. lost and Savannah remained in control
  of British for the next 3 ½ years.

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Government - answers

• Name the first constitution for the United States
  and describe the weaknesses of the document the
  Articles of Confederation weak central
  government, states had too much individual power,
  no court system, each state only had 1 vote

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Government - answers

• Describe the weakness in the Georgia Constitution
  of 1777 unicameral legislature, not much power
  for other branches, legislature selected members
  of other branches instead of people voting

23
Government - answers

• Describe the purposes of the Constitutional
  Convention of 1787 revise the Articles of
  Confederation (its weaknesses)

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Government - answers

• Explain the contributions of Abraham Baldwin and
  William Few to the Constitutional Convention
  Baldwin helped to resolve the large state
  representation crisis, both were representing
  Georgia at the convention.

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Government - answers

• Describe how the Bill of Rights helped in
  ratification of the Constitution people
  insisted that individual rights needed to be
  specifically protected by the Constitution

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Government - answers

• Explain why Georgia agreed to ratify the
  Constitution Georgia representatives
  unanimously vote 26 to 0 to ratify the
  constitution. Of the four Georgian delegates who
  attended the Constitutional Convention, only two
  (Abraham Baldwin and William Few) signed the
  Constitution. They liked the plans that were set
  into action with the big and little state plans,
  3/5 compromise, etc.
• Ga. liked the document so much that they mimicked
  it with our state constitution.

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Government - answers

• Explain both separation of powers and checks and
  balances - separation of powers
  responsibilities are divided among 3 branches of
  government checks and balances
  each branch monitors the actions of the other 2
  branches to ensure that no one branch gets too
  powerful.

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Government - answers

• Describe the differences between the rights and
  responsibilities of US citizens, and give
  examples of each rights (guaranteed under the
  law right to a fair and speedy trial),
  responsibility (something done to make sure the
  US continues to be a democracy voting)

29
Government - answers

• Describe the requirements to become a voter in
  Georgia 18 years of age, legal resident of
  Georgia and county where you vote, US citizen

30
Government - answers

• Explain what the current Georgia Constitution is
  modeled after our US Constitution

31
Government - answers

• Explain the qualifications, term, elections, and
  duties of members of Georgias legislative branch
  make laws, Ga. senators (25 yrs. age, citizen
  of US, citizen of Ga. for at least 2 yrs, legal
  resident of district from which they where they
  are elected. Jobs confirm appointments of the
  gov. to make executive offices.), Ga House
  Members (21 years, and rest is same as Senate.
  Jobs write appropriations (spending) bills).
  Term of office 2 years for each office. Each
  parts of the legislative branch can propose and
  pass bills.

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Government - answers

• Describe the organization of Georgias
  legislature and official name of the group
  Georgia General Assembly law makers

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Government - answers

• Describe the organization of Georgias
  legislature and the official name of the group
  The Georgia General Assembly law makers for the
  state

34
Government - answers

• Explain the sequence involved in a bill becoming
  a law
• idea is proposed
• copies given to one part of leg.
• assigned to committee
• bill voted on by committee members
• leg. debates bill to see if changes need to be
  made
• bill is sent to other part of leg. for same
  process as above

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Cont. with Bill Process

• Voted on by both houses
• If approved, sent on to Governor
• Gov. can sign it, veto it, or ignore it (which
  will still become a law)
• If vetoed, it can be sent back to each house for
  a 2/3 vote overrule of Governor to make bill
  approved as a law

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Government - answers

• Explain the purpose of committees in our state
  legislature makes it possible for small groups
  to really examine a bill and make changes before
  it is presented to the entire House.

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Government - answers

• Explain the options a legislative committee has
  when dealing with a bill if bill is worthy of
  going on to General Assembly, re-wording of bill
  if necessary, deciding which type of committee
  will work on the bill (long term standing
  committee or interim committee).

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Government - answers

• Describe the qualifications, term, election, and
  duties of the governor/lieutenant governor
• Gov. elected by majority of popular vote,
  elected for 4 year term (can only serve 2
  consecutive terms), 30 years of age, citizen of
  US for 15 years, resident of state for 6 years,
  jobs include manage state budget, attend formal
  affairs, direct attorney general to act as rep.
  of the state in lower courts, making State of the
  State address, serving as commander-in-chief of
  Ga. National Guard, overseeing law enforcement

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Government - answers

• Lieutenant Governor
• Takes over if gov. dies
• Doesnt have to represent the same political
  party as Governor
• Acts as President of the Senate
• a citizen of the United States 15 years
• legal resident of the state six years
• shall have attained the age of 30 years by the
  date of assuming office.
• Can have unlimited number of terms

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Government - answers

• Explain the major policy areas of the state, as
  well as which are the largest and smallest -
  DONT WORRY WITH THIS QUESTION?

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Government - answers

• Explain the organization of the court system in
  Georgia
• Supreme Court 7 judges
• Court of Appeals
• Superior Court
• Various smaller courts including state court,
  juvenile court, probate court, and magistrate
  court (one in every county)

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Government - answers

• Describe the function of each court in Georgia
• Supreme Court hears cases on appeal from
  lower-ranking courts, and interpret State
  Constitution
• Court of Appeals also hears cases from lower
  courts
• Superior Courts hear cases ranging from
  criminal to civil cases

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Government - answers

• Detail the election of judges in Georgia and the
  term lengths they serve judges are elected by
  popular vote for various number of years
  Supreme and Court of Appeals - 6 year terms
  lower courts elected for different numbers of
  years

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Government - answers

• Explain the difference between trial courts and
  appellate courts
• Trial courts are hearing cases for the 1st time
  cases may be criminal or civil in nature
• Appellate courts are hearing cases that have
  already been heard in trial court and are on
  appeal

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Government - answers

• Explain the difference between civil and criminal
  law
• Criminal law crime has been committed could
  be a misdemeanor or felony
• Civil cases involving two or more people in a
  disagreement

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Government - answers

• Detail the steps in the justice process for
  adults
• 1. Arrest 2. Intake 4. Transfer/Waiver 5.
  Adjudication 6. Disposition 8. Aftercare
  either prison, probation, public service hours or
  fine, or release