Ch. 2:

1
Ch. 2 Chemistry of Life

• Vocabulary Review

2
Matching

• 1. ion
• c. atom or molecule that has lost or gained one
  or more electrons
• 2. atom
• a. smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken
  down by chemical means
• 3. compound
• b. a substance made of the joined atoms of two or
  more different elements
• 4. amino acids
• g. building blocks of protein

• 5. covalent bond
• f. chemical bond in which electrons are shared
• 6. ionic bond
• h. attraction between oppositely charged ions
• 7. element
• d. a substance made of only one type of atom
• 8. solution
• e. one substance evenly distributed in another

3
Fill in the Blank

• 9. A(n) ___ is a substance on which an enzyme
  acts during a chemical reaction.
• substrate
• 10. An organic compound with a ratio of one
  carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen
  atom is a(n) ___.
• carbohydrate
• 11. Glucose is a(n) ___ that is a major source of
  energy in cells.
• monosaccharide

4
Fill in the Blank

• 12. A(n) ___ is an organic compound that is not
  soluble in water.
• lipid
• 13. A(n) ___ is a long chain of amino acids.
• protein
• 14. Subunits of DNA and RNA are called ___ .
• nucleotides
• 15. DNA is a(n) ___ that encodes protein
  sequences.
• nucleic acid

5
Explain the Difference

• 16. acid, base
• Acids are compounds that form hydrogen ions when
  dissolved in water.
• Bases are compounds that reduce the concentration
  of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
• 17. cohesion, adhesion
• Cohesion is an attraction between substances of
  the same kind.
• Adhesion is an attraction between different
  substances.

6
Explain the Difference

• 18. enzyme, active site
• An enzyme is a substance that speeds up chemical
  reactions.
• An active site is the location on an enzyme that
  binds to a substrate.
• 19. energy, activation energy
• Energy is the ability to move or change matter.
• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a
  chemical reaction.

7
Explain the Difference

• 20. DNA, RNA
• DNA is a nucleic acid that stores hereditary
  information used to make proteins.
• RNA is a nucleic acid that is involved in protein
  synthesis.
• 21. ATP, carbohydrate
• ATP is an organic molecule that acts as the main
  energy currency of cells.
• Carbohydrates are organic molecules that act as a
  source of energy in cells.