Intro to Chemistry Notes

1
Intro to Chemistry Notes

• 8th grade Physical Science

2
Matter-

• Something that has mass and volume
• The building blocks are atoms/elements
• Element Pure substance that cannot broken down
  any more.
• Nucleus of atom composed of P and Neu. E- on
  the outside of nucleus
• Atoms Basic particle from which all elements
  are made.

Nucleus of atom composed of P and Neu. E- on the
outside of the nucleus
3
More about matter

• Protons () charge particle in the nucleus of
  atom. (approx. ½ of mass of atom)
• Neutron (0) charged particle in the nucleus of
  atom. (approx. ½ mass of most atoms)
• Electrons (-) charged particles outside nucleus
  of atom (mini. mass)

4
States of Matter-

• Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
• Solid Definite Shape volume. particles
  Arranged closely together
• Liquids Definite Volume, no shape. particles
  arranged closely and are free to move
• Gases No definite shape or volume and move
  freely
• Plasma High temps atoms to be stripped of its
  electrons

5
Conservation of Mass and Energy

• The law states that matter is neither created
  nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
• Aka the Law of Conservation of Matter

6
Properties of Matter-

• Physical Properties
• Ability to see changes in a substance without
  changing it into another substance.
• Chemical Properties
• Ability to change a substance into another
  substance.

7
Physical Properties-

• Example H20 (liquid, gas, solid), etc.
• Melt point, freezing point, color, density,
  solubility, conductivity, magnetism, malleability
• Do not react with other substances mixtures.
• Mixtures made of 2 or more elements or
  compounds not chem. combined
• Heterogeneous Mix See diff. parts
• Homogeneous Mix Cannot see diff. parts.

8
Chemical Properties-

• Change in physical properties
• Color change, gas release
• Ability to react with chemicals to form new
  chemicals
• Ex Combustion, Electrolysis, Oxidation,
  Tarnishing

9
Chemical Bonding-

• Chemical Bond attraction btw 2 atoms to
  molecules (2 or more atoms bonded molecule)
• Compound Molecule (change in physical props. Of
  in individual atoms)

10
Periodic Table-

• Mendeleev Discovered patterns of props.
  Appeared when he arranged elements in order of
  increasing atomic mass
• Prop of elements can be predicted from its
  location on periodic table

http//www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/
11
More on the Periodic Table

• Periods Horizontal Rows
• (Left to Right) Reactive Metal, less reactive
  metals, metalloids, nonmetals.
• Groups/Families element that share similar
  characteristics.
• Elemental Squares Info Atomic , Chemical
  Symbol, Element Name, Atomic Mass.
• Concept Map
• Valence E- determine the Periodic Group