Early Discoveries

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Early Discoveries
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Stages of Early Human Development
1. 4,000,000 BCE 1,000,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE
to 8,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
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The Paleolithic Age

• Paleolithic --gt Old Stone Age

• 2,500,000 BCE 10,000 BCE

• Made tools

• hunting (men) gathering (women) ?
  small bands of 20-30 humans

• NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

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Stage Three
200,000 BCE 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS( Wise Human Being )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE 10,000 BCE )
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Stage Four The Neolithic Age
Neolithic ? New Stone Age
10,000 BCE 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from
Nomadic lifestyle ? settled, stationery lifestyle
Hunting/Gathering ? agricultural production and
domestication of animals Agricultural or
Neolithic Revolution
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Origins of Domesticated Plants and Animals
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Three Geographic Centers of Domestication
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River Civilizations

• Characteristics of a civilization
• Written Language
• Specialized Labor

3. Complex Culture Society 4. System of
Government Laws
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Mesopotamia the Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia the land between the rivers -
little rain but rich soil and source of water
from the Tigris Euphrates rivers - ideal for
start of farming ? becomes the first civilization
in world

• - flooding of rivers are unpredictable and often
  devastating
• few natural barriers ? invaders constantly storm
  through region ?difficult to stabilize
• Gilgamesh first literature in the world ?
  reflects their world view

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Egypt the Nile River Valley

• Egypt arose along narrow strip of land made
  fertile by the river
• Most of Egypts history focused around Lower
  Egypt (near the Nile Delta)
• Upper Egypt developed later upstream
• Deserts on both sides of Nile
• ? provided natural protection against invaders
• ? reduced interaction with others
• ? Egypt would develop a unique culture because
  of isolation

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Egyptian Government

• Egyptian rulers were called Pharaohs
• priest-kings
• considered gods
• served both political and religious roles
• Theocracy ? government where the rulers are
  thought to be divinely-guided, or divine
  themselves
• Pharaohs tombs very important ? believed their
  spirits or Ka lived there
• ? Built massive tombs for them pyramids

Above Abu Simbel, built by Ramses II
The Great Pyramids at Giza