What is Cancer?

1
What is Cancer?

• It is an abnormal growth of abnormal cells when
  not treated will end in death of the host.

2
Cancer Facts

• Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the
  U.S.
• Cancer literally means crab
• 1 in 2 men 1 in 3 women will get cancer
• 1 out of 8 will die of cancer
• 1,500 people per day die of cancer

3
Cancer Facts Number of new cancer
diagnoses 2005 1.4 million 2013 1.7
million Leading Types of new cancer
cases Prostate 238,590 Breast 234,580 Lung
228,190 Colon 102,480 Costs of Cancer in
2008 Medical 77.4 Billion Lost Productivity
124 Billion
4

• Cancer Facts
• More Americans with history of Cancer are alive
  today than in the past
• 2004 10.8 Million
• 2008 12.0 Million
• 2012 13.7 Million
• Survival Rate
• 1975-1977 49
• 1987-1989 56
• 2002-2008 68

5
Four classes of Cancer

• Lymphomas - cancers of the immune system
• Leukemias - cancers of blood-forming organs
• Carcinomas - cancers of the glands and linings
  (skin, lungs)
• Sarcomas- cancers of the connective tissue
• (bones, ligaments
• and muscles)

6
How Cancer Develops

• 1. Exposure to a carcinogen (an initiator)
• 2. Entry of the initiator into a cell
• 3. Change of the cells genetic material.
  (mutation)
• 4. Speeding up of the cancer by a promoter.

7
Types of Tumors

• 1. Benign - a harmless tumor that does not
  spread ( moles, warts, and cysts)
• 2. Malignant -a cancerous tumor that keeps
  growing

8
How Does Cancer Spread

• It metastasizes. Cancer cells migrate from one
  part of the body to another

9
Risks of Cancer

• 1. Tobacco - one third of all cancers are linked
  to tobacco use.
• 2. Radiation -suns UV rays, x-rays, above
  ground nuclear weapons, radon gas
• 3. Diet and Exercise -high meat, high fat, low
  vegetable, low grain intakes. Exercise reduces
  risks.

10
Cancers Causing Death in People Ages 15-34

• Brain - poor to good survival
• Breast - good 50 survival
• Hodgkins - good 54 survival
• Leukemia - poor to good
• Skin -excellent 90 survival
• Testicular - good 66-86
• This assumes
• early diagnosis
• and prompt
• treatment

11
How Cancer is Treated

• 1. Surgery - remove the cancerous part
• 2. Radiation therapy -radioactive
  bombardment
• 3. Chemotherapy -
• anticancer
• drugs

12
Cancers 7 Warning Signals

• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump that suddenly appears
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness

13
BSESBreast Self Exam
Risk Factors for Women
Over age 40
Breast cancer on the mothers side of the family
aunts, sisters, g-moms
Early menstruation - before 11
No children, or first child after 35
Overweight
High fat content in diet
14
BSES

• Best time 7-10 days after menstrual period
• How to do a BSE

In the shower, gentle lather, use pads of fingers
Front of mirror, arms over head - look at size,
color, or dimpling changes
Lying down - with pillow perform spiral or
grid method
15
TSESTesticular Self Exam

• Risk Factors for Men

Age 15-35
Undescended testicles
Early puberty
Family history
Mother with breast cancer
Race (higher in Whites)
Overweight
16
Testicular Cancer Warning Signs

• Hard lump the size of a pea
• Heaviness in the testicles
• Enlargement of the testicle
• Dull ache in the groin
• Accumulation of fluid in scrotum
• Swelling other parts neck, breast, groin

17
TSES

• When to do monthly
• How to do a TSE

Check in the mirror
Do in the shower, this causes the scrotum to
relax
Use two hands roll testicles between fingers
and feel for lumps