The Eukaryotic Cell

1
The Eukaryotic Cell
2
History of Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells!
• Cells are the basic units of life
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Scientists behind cell theory Schwann,
  Schleiden, Virchow, Hooke

3
Types of Cells

• Prokaryote- no nucleus

• Eukaryote- contains a nucleus

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Organelle

• Organelle- internal structure of the cell

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Nucleus

• Nucleus Control center of cell
• Contains
• DNA- codes for proteins produced by the cell
• Chromosomes- carry cells genetic information
• Nuclear envelope pores- allows movement of
  material in and out of nucleus

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Nucleolus

• Nucleolus- dark area of the nucleus
• Ribosomes produced here

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)- close to nucleus
• Where lipid, proteins, and other materials are
  assembled and exported from cell
• Rough E.R.- look for dots in maze
• Contains ribosomes
• Proteins made in the E.R. that exit the cell or
  go to specialized locations in cell
• Smooth E.R.- look for maze with no dots
• No ribosomes
• Detoxification of drugs, synthesis of lipid
  membrane

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Golgi Apparatus

• Golgi apparatus- stack of flattened membranes
• Modifies, sorts, packages materials from
  endoplasmic reticulum for storage in cell or to
  be released from the cell

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Ribosomes

• Ribosomes- proteins are produced on ribosomes
• Bond amino acids together

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Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria both provide cell
with energy

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

• Photosynthesis- Capture energy from sunlight to
  provide plant cells with energy

• Aerobic respiration- requires oxygen to convert
  chemical energy stored in food into compounds
  that the cell can use (ATP)
• Contains its own DNA inherited from mother

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Lysosomes

• Lysosomes
• Break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins into
  small molecules used by the rest of the cell
• Cellular Digestion Break down organelles that
  are no longer used by cell

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Vacuoles

• Vacuoles- storage of water, salts, proteins,
  carbohydrates
• Found both in plants and animals
• Plants- adds rigidity to the plant
• Unicellular organisms- contractile vacuole- pumps
  excess water out of cell

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Centriole

• Centriole- rod shapes within cell
• Organizes mitotic spindle involved in cell
  division (cell replication)

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Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm- jelly-like material that surrounds all
  organelles

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Cell Membrane

• Cell membrane- outer part of animal cell
• Functions
• Protect cell
• Provide structure
• Selective permeability-
• allows specific things into
• and out of the cell

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Cell Wall

• Cell wall- support, shape, and protect cell
• Only found in PLANTS
• Without a cell wall, plants could not stand
  upright!

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Vesicles

• Vesicle- membrane enclosed structure
• Store and move materials between cell organelles
  and to and from the cell surface (can contain
  food)

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Cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton- look for long bars in diagram
• Provide shape and internal organization to the
  cell
• Helps with movement

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Life of a Protein in a Cell

• Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus which are
  transported onto the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• DNA codes for the type of protein that the cell
  will make ? RNA relays this code to the ribosome
  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Ribosome on rough E.R. uses code to create
  protein
• Protein is packaged by the golgi apparatus and
  shipped to another area of the cell
• Lysosome digests protein