Fish Heath Management Lab 3: Hematology

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Fish Heath Management Lab 3 Hematology

• February 23rd. 2009

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Cold Blooded VertebratesPokilotherms

• Primary site of hematopoiesis is anterior fourth
  of the ___________
• Spleen is an accessory area of hematopoiesis as
  well as the site for blood cell destruction
• Bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes serve this
  function in warm blooded vertebrates
• Various types of blood cells in head kidney

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Blood Cell Types

• Hemocytoblasts- Stem Cell or blast cells
• Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells
• Carries Oxygen
• Leukocytes- White Blood Cells

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Erythrocytes

• Primary Function ____________
• Elongated elliptical cell 13-16 ?m long by 7-10
  wide ?m
• Nucleus centrally located, elliptical in shape
• Immature erythrocytes
• less elliptical with bluish-gray cytoplasm

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Ghost Cells

• Artifact of Sampling
• Not defined
• Breakdown and waste of cells

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Leukocytes

• ________ System Response
• Coagulation
• Hard to differentiate

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Lymphocytes 

• Usually sparse in blood cell smear
• Spherical in shape
• Eccentrically located spherical nucleus

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Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes)

• Only __________ leukocyte present in rainbow
  trout
• Origin and function of theses cells not well
  understood
• Accounts for ______of total leukocytes
• Average diameter is 9-13 ?m
• ____________ nucleus (2-5 lobes)

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Thrombocytes

• Occur in various shapes and sizes
• ___________ - 5-8 ?m long
• __________ streaked cytoplasm on one end
• ___________- streaked cytoplasm on both ends
• ___________- dense nuclei, little or no cytoplasm

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Monocytes and Macrophages

• Monocytes-
• Large 9-25 ?m
• Macrophages tissue dwelling monocytes
• Not usually seen in blood
• Monocytes are indistinguishable from _________
  once in tissue
• Cytoplasm often has _________ and a large nucleus

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Kidney Imprint

• Shows various stages of hematopoiesis

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Blood Sampling

• Non-Lethal
• Lethal

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Blood Assessment

• Three things to assess
• All leukocytes
• Hemoglobin
• Whats left (proteins, Ab, Ag, hormones, etc.)
• Variations in each indices can be caused by
  species, sex, age, temperature, clotting, water
  quality, or season

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Hematocrit Readings

• Normal
• Dependent upon species
• 25-40
• Low
• Indicates anemia, hemorrhaging, gill damage,
  osmoregulation impairment
• lt15
• High
• Indicates stress, dehydration, concentrated
  hemoglobin
• gt40

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Lab Procedure

• Take blood from caudal artery
• Use one tube for blood smear
• Seal other with CritoSeal at vacant end
• Measure of both WBCs and RBCs
• Tissue imprints

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Tissue Imprints

• Cut a small piece of Tissue
• Using forceps, create imprints by touching tissue
  to slide in succession
• Let air dry 1 minute

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Stain Using Diff Quick

• Fix slides in Solution A (Methyl Alcohol) for 10
  minutes
• Dip slides in Solution B 25 times
• Dip slides in Solution C 25 times
• Wash with DDI water
• Dry and examine the slides