American Nationalism

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Chapter 5.1

• American Nationalism

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Introduction

• The United States entered an Era of Good
  Feelings after the War of 1812. The federal
  government began building the national road,
  defended its authority to regulate interstate
  commerce, and declared the Western Hemisphere off
  limits for future colonization.
• One political party, easier to pass laws and more
  unity
• Also felt a growing respect from European
  nations, b/c the US had not lost the War of 1812

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Uniting the Country

• During the last two years of James Madisons
  second term American leaders launched an
  ambitious program to create a unified nation
• Second National Bank
• Tariffs protected manufacturers from foreign
  competition
• Turnpikes, Canals and Roads
• Federalists Party was in disarray
• Federalist declined b/c they disapproved of the
  Hartford Convention and many joined the
  Republicans
• Republicans now believed a strong gov. was
  necessary
• Monroe won the presidency of 1816 with 183
  electoral votes

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The Second Bank

• Republicans blocked the renewal of the first
  national bank in 1811
• Effects
• Debt rapidly during war of 1812
• Gov. borrowed money from state and private banks
• Now had to pay interest on loans
• Many Republicans began supporting a national bank
• Rep. Calhoun of SC proposed the Second National
  Bank of the US
• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster of MA supported
• The bank bill passed in 1816 bank could issue
  currency and tax state banks

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Tariffs and Transportation

• Support of manufacturers was another part of the
  Republican program
• US trade declined as a result of the embargo
• Manufacturers now had a market overseas
• British goods were cheaper than American Goods
• To keep Americans in business Congress issued a
  Protective Tariff
• New England shippers and southern farmers opposed
  the tariff (Why?)
• Transportation Improvements
• Calhoun's sponsored federal improvement plan
• Monroe vetoed the plan
• Roads and Canals were still built with private
  and state funds (toll roads)

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Judicial Nationalism

• Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme
  Court issued decisions that helped strengthen the
  national government
• Marshalls only formal training was six weeks at
  William and Mary
• Between 1816 and 1824 the Supreme Court
  established dominance of the court over the states

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Martin vs. Hunters Lessee

• The Case
• Denny Martin (British Citizen) tried to sell land
  in Virginia inherited from his uncle, who was a
  British loyalist during the Rev. War.
• Virginia had a law that said No enemy could
  inherit land
• (Court Jurisdiction)
• Supreme Court decided it had the authority to
  hear appeals from all state court decisions (set
  a precedent)
• The appealed case had to involve land or treaties
• Court Ruling
• The court ruling was based on Jays Treaty, which
  stated that land belonging to loyalists before
  the war was still loyalist land.

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McCulloch v. Maryland

• Background
• Maryland passed a law refuting the Second Bank of
  the US
• The Cashier at Second Bank Branch in MD, James
  McCulloch, refused to pay the tax, and the matter
  went to the Supreme Court.
• Court Ruling
• According to the necessary and proper clause
  the court had the implied power to establish a
  nation bank
• States _________________________________________wi
  th the federal government bank, supreme in its
  own sphere of action
• Justice Marshall noted the constitution included
  the necessary anf proper clause related to tax
  collections, taking loans, regulating commerce,
  and raising and army. As a result it was
  necessary to have a national bank.
• Maryland could not tax the federal bank
• McCulloch Won

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Gibbons vs. Ogden

• Background
• Aaron Ogden had an exclusive license to all
  steamboat traffic in New York (est. by NY State
  leg.)
• Gibbons started a steamboat company on NY Waters
  and the Hudson
• NY state court found in favor of Ogden
• Gibbons appealed to the US Supreme Court
• Court Ruling
• Declared a monopoly and ruled in favor of Gibbons
• Constitution gave the fed. Gov. control over
  interstate commerce (all trade along coast and
  waterways)
• Marshalls opinion explained that federal law
  would always take precedent over state law.

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Jackson Invades Florida

• In early 1800s Spanish Held Florida frustrated
  many Southerners
• Runaway Slaves fled there and the US had no
  authority to intervene there
• The Creek Indians, united with escaped slaves and
  other Native Americans and took the name Seminole
  Runaway
• Turmoil Seminoles raided Georgia and Georgians
  raided Florida

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Jackson Invades Florida Cont

• Calhoun, Sec. of War, ordered General Andrew
  Jackson to travel to Florida with troops and
  stop the Florida raids
• Jackson raided several Seminole villages
• Disobeyed orders and seized St. Marks and
  Pensacola
• Removed Spanish Governor from power
• Spanish were furious but couldnt stop Americans
• Sec. of States, John Quincy Adams, signed the
  Adams-Onis Treaty, which ceded all of Florida to
  the United States.
• Increased US territory
• Absolved Spain of 5 million dollars owed to
  America

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Monroe Doctrine

• Rebellion occurred in Spanish colonies of Cuba,
  Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo
• QuadrupleAlliance sought to help Spanish control
  colonies and suppress revolutions against
  monarchies
• Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, an Russia, later
  joined by France
• The US and Great Britain made a great deal of
  money due to trade with Caribbean Spanish
  Colonies
• Did not want Spain to reassert control
• Britain suggested the US issue a joint statement
  telling Spain, hands off the colonies in the
  Caribbean
• Russia also worried the US
• Claimed Alaska and in 1821 claimed Oregon
  Territory b/t Alaska and the Oregon Territory

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Monroe Doctrine Cont

• Sec. Adams urged Monroe to not work with the
  British
• Did not want the US to be considered a junior
  partner
• Monroe issued a statement without British
  approval in 1821 Stated that the Europeans were
  no longer able to colonize in the Americas
• This statement was later named the Monroe
  Doctrine
• This began the long history of the US trying to
  inhibit European involvement in the Americas

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Exit Ticket (1 point for all correct)(Write on
separate piece of paper and turn in)

1. What did the US gain from the Adams-Onis Treaty?
2. Why did the US issue the Monroe Doctrine?
3. How did the court gain power during the Era of
   Good Feelings?

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Up Next

• Early Industry in the US