Lenin to Stalin

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Lenin to Stalin
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Civil War

• The Bolshevik opponents form the White Army
• Leon Trotsky commanded the Bolshevik Red Army
• Around 15 million Russians died in the civil war
  from 1918-1920
• The Red Army won

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Lenins Economic Reforms

• War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy
• Lenin launched the New Economic Policy or NEP
• Lenin put aside his idea for a state-controlled
  economy and resorted to a small scale version of
  capitalism.
• The government still kept control of major
  industries and banks

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Lenins Political Reforms

• Lenin organized Russia into several
  self-governing republics under the central govt
• The country was named the Union of Soviet
  Socialist Republics (USSR)
• Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist
  Party
• They created a constitution based on socialist
  and democratic principles, but the Communist part
  had total control
• Lenin has a stroke and he tries to prepare
  Trotsky Testament
• Stalin insults Lenins Wife

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vs.

• Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted
  support for a worldwide (comintern) revolution
  against capitalism. Well read and traveled,
  brilliant, great speaker and writer, large man,
  spontaneous Ignores Politburo
• Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views
  in Russia first. Dull, secretive, crude and rough
  speaker, small and unattractive, nerveless and
  steady Friend of Politburo
• Lenin dies Jan. 21, 1924 Trotsky a no-show for
  funeral
• Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and
  Trotsky heads the military, eventually he is
  fired

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Stalin vs. Trotsky cont

• Trotsky was stripped of party membership and fled
  into exile in 1929
• He was later murdered in Mexico by an agent
  working for Stalin

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Stalin becomes Dictator

• Stalin was cold, hard and impersonal
• After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on
  Russias development
• He used the phrase socialism in one country to
  describe his aims of perfecting a Communist state

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Stalins Totalitarian State

• Stalin transformed Russia into a Totalitarian
  state
• Totalitarianism described a govt that takes
  total, centralized state control over every
  aspect of public and private life
• Totalitarian leaders appear to provide a sense of
  security and give direction for the future

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Stalins Economic Reforms

• Lenins NEP was a mixture of free enterprise and
  state control
• Stalins economic policy called for total state
  control
• He called for a command economy, which is a
  system where the government makes all economic
  decisions

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USSRs Industrial Revolution

• In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1st of many
  five-year plans for development of the USSRs
  economy
• The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to
  increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and
  electricity

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USSRs Industrial Revolution cont

• To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the
  govt limited consumer production
• People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing
  and other goods
• The govt controlled every aspect of the workers
  life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives
• From 1928-1937, industrial production increased
  by 25

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Agricultural Revolution

• In 1925, the govt seized 25 million privately
  owned farms
• The govt combined them into collective farms
• Peasants resisted the govt and Stalin used
  terror and violence to force the peasants to work

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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• Police Terror
• Dictators of totalitarian states uses terror and
  violence to force obedience
• Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted
  informers

Lavrent Beria (right) head of secret police
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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• Kirov Affair - In 1934, Stalin launched the Great
  Purge, a campaign of terror that was directed at
  eliminating anyone who threatened his power
• When the Great Purge ended in 1939, Stalin gained
  total control of both the Soviet government and
  the Communist Party
• Attacks military killing 3/5 of the marshals, all
  8 admirals, 35,000 officers. This leads to WWII
  struggles.

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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• 2) Indoctrination and Propaganda
• Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or
  instruction on the govts set of beliefs, to mold
  peoples minds
• Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on
  the ideals of communism

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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified
  the achievements of Communism and Stalin
• Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that
  praised Soviet way of life

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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• 3) Censorship
• Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity
  that threatened conformity
• Govt controlled all newspapers, motion pictures,
  radio and other sources of information

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Weapons of Totalitarianism

• 4) Religious Persecution
• Communists aimed to replace religious teachings
  with the ideals of Communism
• The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target
  of persecution
• Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

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Daily Life for Women Under Stalin

• With the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, women won
  equal rights
• Women had new educational opportunities, but were
  still responsible for their household duties
• Women were supposed to provide the state with
  future generations of obedient citizens

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Education

• The government controlled all education from
  nursery school to the university
• School children learned the virtues of the
  Communist Party