THE COLD WAR

1
THE COLD WAR
2
Reconstruction- Partition of
Germany

• Allied powers divided Germany into 4 zones and
  occupied it

3
Two Germanies!

• 1955
• France, England,
  and US rejoined
  their zones
  forming
  West Germany
• USSR refused - East Germany became a separate
  country

4
Reconstruction- Japan

• The US, under General Douglas MacArthur, occupied
  Japan.
• The economy and government were reformed.

5
Two Superpowers
6
Soviet Expansion

• As the war ended, the USSR began to expand toward
  eastern Europe and China

7
Iron Curtain Europe Divided

• Imaginary line dividing Europe between East
  (communist) and West (capitalist).

Communist
Capitalist
8
(No Transcript)
9
Marshall Plan

• 1948-1952
• US plan to give aid to most European countries
• US gave over 13 billion to create stability, and
  support democracy and capitalism

10
WHO PARTICIPATED?
11
How Much Did They Get?
12
(No Transcript)
13
Truman Doctrine

• Plan to give 400 million to Greece and Turkey to
  create stability and prevent their fall to
  communism

14
(No Transcript)
15
Domino Theory

• If one country falls to communism. Its only a
  matter of time before the next country falls

16
Containment Policy

• US will give aid (money, supplies, troops) to
  any country wishing to prevent their fall to
  communism

17
Containment Policy

• US will give aid (money, supplies, troops) to
  any country wishing to prevent their fall to
  communism

18
The USSR the Atom Bomb

• 1953 USSR exploded the first H-bomb

19
SPUTNIK

• 1957 USSR launched the first satellite

20
US Reaction

• Russian advanced spread fear across US
• US increased funding for science and education

21
NATO

• US western Europe formed North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization to collectively defend against a
  
  communist attack.
• First peace-time
  military alliance
  for US

22
Warsaw Pact

• The USSR neighboring countries (Soviet
  satelites) formed Warsaw Pact a collective
  defense against NATO

23
BERLIN

• Berlin was located within the East Germany
• Many people escaped to the west through Germany

24
BERLIN WALL

• The Soviet Union built a wall through the middle
  of Berlin over night to prevent people from
  escaping

25
WHERE DID IT TAKE PLACE?

• COLD WAR BATTLEFIELDS

26
CHINA

• COLD WAR BATTLEFIELDS

27
THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

• In 1949 China falls to communism and is led by
  Mao Zedong
• devasting defeat for US - 1/4 worlds pop.

28
NIXON AND CHINA

• Feb 1972 Nixon becomes 1st president to visit
  China
• May 1972 Nixon visits Moscow
• Détente less tensions

29
KOREA

• COLD WAR BATTLEFIELDS

30
THE KOREAN WAR

• 1950 USSR helped North Korea invaded South Korea
• MacArthur led US to help South Korea
• 1953 Korean War ends nothing changed
• Remains divided at 38th Parallel

31
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR gets the ax

• Led US in Korea
• Publicly criticized Pres. Trumans policies
• was FIRED!

32
VIETNAM

• COLD WAR BATTLEFIELDS

33
Vietnams Independence

• Vietnam fights for independence from the French
• Ho Chi Minh gets support for independence from
  USSR
• Ho Chi Minh wants a united communist Vietnam
  some resist

34
VIETNAM WAR - A Police Action

• Vietnam engages in civil war
• US sends advisors from 1954 - 1973 to help the
  south fight communism

35
US INVOLVEMENT

• US supports S. Vietnam against N. Vietnam
  (communist)
• US fights for 19 years!
• Over 56,000 Americans died
• Over 1 million Vietnamese were killed or wounded

36
US GETS OUT

• US ends involvement in Vietnam in 1973
• 1975 Saigon falls to communism

37
(No Transcript)
38
CUBA

• COLD WAR BATTLEFIELDS

39
CUBA

• Castro comes to power in Cuba
• Allied with the USSR in the Cold War

40
BAY OF PIGS

• 1961 CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempted to lead a
  coup against Castro
• They failed - an embarrassment to Kennedy and
  U.S.

41
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIStoo close for comfort

• US discovered Soviet missiles off the coast of
  Cuba - Oct 1962
• Brink of War
• USSR removes missiles

42
THE EVIL EMPIRE DECLINES

• Gorbechev comes to power in 1985 and reforms USSR
• glasnost openness
• perestroika - restructuring

43
THE BERLIN WALL

• Symbol of Cold War
• Gorbachev allowed it to be torn down in November
  1989

44
Nationalism in the Republics

• More and more of the Soviet Satellites wanted
  true independence from control by the USSR
• People in these Soviet Republics began to rebel

45
The Evil Empire FALLS

• USSR fell into economic decline
• US increased defense spending 35 - USSR couldnt
  keep up
• USSR crumbled in 1991