Title: ?????? ????
1?????? ???? ?????Case Control Study
??? ???? ?????? ??????
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3Epidemiology
- Study of frequency , distribution determinants
of diseases in human population
Descriptive
Analytic
4????
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8
11
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5Cross-Sectional
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Case-Control
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Cohort
Randomized Controlled Trial
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7What is a case-control study?
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8?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
Case ????
Control ????
9?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
10?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
Exp ?
Disease
Past
Now
Disease -
Exp ?
Retrospective
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- ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (Pairs)
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?????? ? ?????? - ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (????
??????)
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Disease
yes
no
total
Exposure
yes
no
total
a c
b d
a b c d
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a
c
a c
a
a c
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b
d
b d
b
b d
22?????? ??? ??????
100
Relative Risk
100
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23???? ?????? Odds Ratio
- ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ????. - ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?
????? ???? ??? ?? ????. - ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????.
24???? ?????? Odds Ratio
Disease
yes
no
Exposure
yes
a
b
no
c
d
a ?d
b ?c
25???? ?????? Odds Ratio
26???? ?? ??????? ????- ?????
???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
??????
- Types
- Confounding Bias
- Memory or Recall Bias
- Selection Bias
- Berkesonian Bias
- Interviewers Bias
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