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Title: - Case-Control Author: Hossein Safizadeh Last modified by: MRT Created Date: 4/10/2005 5:07:41 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?????? ????


1
?????? ???? ?????Case Control Study
??? ???? ?????? ??????
????? 1389
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2
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  • ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???
  • ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????
    ????.
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  • ????? ????? ?????? ????-???? ?? ??? ????.
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  • ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????-???? ????? ??????.
  • ????? ? ????? ?????? ????-???? ?? ???? ??????.

3
Epidemiology
  • Study of frequency , distribution determinants
    of diseases in human population

Descriptive
Analytic
4
????
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????? 2) ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ......... ?????
?? ???.
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8
11
????? 3) ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??
????? ?? ?? ????
5
Cross-Sectional
??????
?????? ??
Case-Control
??????
????? ??????? ???????????
Cohort
Randomized Controlled Trial
?????
6
????
11
8
??????
????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????
????.
????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????
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??????
7
What is a case-control study?
  • ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
    ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???.
  • ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??
    ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????
    ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????.

8
?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
Case ????
Control ????
9
?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
10
?????? ????- ????? Case-Control
Exp ?
Disease
Past
Now
Disease -
Exp ?
Retrospective
11
?????? ?????? ????- ?????
  • ?? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??
    ???? ???.
  • ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????.
  • ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??
    ???.

12
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  1. ?????? ?????? ? ??????
  2. ????? ????
  3. ?????? ???? ??????
  4. ????? ? ????? ? ????? ?????

13
?????? ?????? ? ??????
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  • ?????????
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14
?????? ?????? ? ??????
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  • ????? ??????

15
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  • ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????
    ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????
    ???? ????.
  • ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ? ?? ??
    ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????
    ? ???? ????? ??? ???.

16
????? ????
  • ?????
  • ????? ???? ?????
  • ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (Pairs)

17
?????? ???? ??????
  • ?????
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18
????? ? ?????
  • ???
  • ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???
    ?????? ? ??????
  • ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (????
    ??????)

19
????? ????? ??? ??????
Disease
yes
no
total
Exposure
yes
no
total
a c
b d
a b c d
20
????? ????? ??? ??????
a
c
a c
  • ????? ?????? ???? ??

a
a c
21
????? ????? ??? ??????
b
d
b d
  • ????? ?????? ???? ??

b
b d
22
?????? ??? ??????
100
Relative Risk
100
????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????
?? ?????? ?????
23
???? ?????? Odds Ratio
  • ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??
    ?????? ????.
  • ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?
    ????? ???? ??? ?? ????.
  • ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????.

24
???? ?????? Odds Ratio
Disease
yes
no
Exposure
yes
a
b
no
c
d
a ?d
b ?c
25
???? ?????? Odds Ratio
26
???? ?? ??????? ????- ?????
???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
??????
  • Types
  • Confounding Bias
  • Memory or Recall Bias
  • Selection Bias
  • Berkesonian Bias
  • Interviewers Bias

27
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  7. ?????? ?????? ??

28
????? ?????? ????- ?????
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  5. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????
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29
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