French Colonialism and English Colonialism:

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French Colonialism and English Colonialism

• Two different approaches in the New World

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Portuguese/Spanish Colonies-earlier than Brits
and French
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French Colonies Acadia (N.S.), Quebec,
Louisiana, LouisburgEnglish Colonies
Newfoundland, Boston, New York, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, Halifax/Nova Scotia (100 years later)
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Colonialism- rich mother countries setting up
colonies in distant lands to profit from
resources found in those lands (e.g. fur)
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Imperialism- Empire building by rich countries
through colonialism.Largest western Ancient
Empire was Rome (or Alexander the Greats
Macedonia). Largest Eastern empire was Genghis
Khans Mongolian Empire. The Largest Modern
empire was the British Empire (U.S.?)
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Champlain- Father of New France/Empire builder
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Why Did it Take 70 years after Cartier for France
to start New World Colonies?

• As the protestant Huguenots gained influence and
  displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic
  hostility to them grew, even though the French
  crown offered increasingly liberal political
  concessions and edicts of toleration.
• In 1561, the Edict of Orléans declared an end to
  the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain
  of January 1562 formally recognized the Huguenots
  for the first time.
• However, these measures disguised the growing
  tensions between Protestants and Catholics.

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Civil Wars

• These tensions spurred eight civil wars,
  interrupted by periods of relative calm, between
  1562 and 1598.
• With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in
  the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence
  became more severe, and Protestant demands became
  grander, until a lasting cessation of open
  hostility finally occurred in 1598.
• With wars ended, more emphasis could be placed on
  colonies abroadenter Champlain!

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Champlain and New France

• In 1603, Samuel de Champlain and his crew,
  following Jacques Cartiers lead of 70 years
  before, sailed from France.
• They sailed up the St. Lawrence River and most of
  Quebec. He returned to France in 1603, and
  decided to search for a Northwest Passage and to
  settle the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec.

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• He returned to Canada in 1604 on Sieur de Mont's
  expedition (de Mont was the true founder of Port
  Royal).
• From 1604-1607, he sailed around and charted most
  of the coast of Nova Scotia and New England

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Now we know where SNOOP gets his style!
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1604

• Samuel de Champlain and his crew attempted a
  settlement at Ste. Croix Island (now part of
  Maine)
• It was a horrible failure due to extremely cold
  weather and the horrible disease scurvy (lack of
  vitamin c causes it).
• YouTube - Canada Vignettes - Port Royal

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Scurvy why you should eat fruit!
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1605

• Champlain and Sieur de Monts and the survivors
  cross the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal (now in Nova
  Scotia) and it is here that the first French
  permanent settlement was established. Fur Trade
  relations with the Mikmaq were good. Chief
  Membertou converted to Catholicism.
• The fur trading Habitation became the home of the
  first social club in the New World (The Order of
  Good Cheer) set up to make the tedious days go
  by.
• The first play, the Theatre de Neptune is also
  written by Marc Lescarbot.
• He also documents life among the Mikmaq in an
  early history book. Relations with Mikmaq here
  are good and a fur trade is established.

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Matthieu da Costa was at Port Royal 1st Black
person in the New World? Translator of Mikmaq
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Engraving after a 1609 drawing by Champlain of an
Indian battle near Ticonderoga , NY
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1608-1635

• In 1608, Champlain left Port Royal and led 32
  colonists to settle Quebec in order to establish
  it as a fur-trading center.
• Only nine colonists survived the first bitter
  winter in Quebec, but more settlers arrived the
  following summer.
• In 1609, Champlain befriended the Huron Indians
  and helped them fight the Iroquois (this battle
  led to 150 years of bitterness and hostility
  between the Iroquois and the French).
• It was during this venture that he discovered
  the very large Lake Champlain (in upstate New
  York)

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• In 1613, he again sailed up the St. Lawrence,
  and explored the Ottawa River.
• Two years later, in 1615 ,after returning from
  France, he retraced this route and ventured into
  what is now northern New York state and the
  eastern Great Lakes (Georgian Bay of Lake Huron,
  and Lake Ontario).
• Champlain headed the Quebec settlement for
  years, until the English attacked and took the
  Fort at Quebec in July, 1629.
• After a French-British peace treaty in 1632,
  Quebec was once again French, and Champlain
  returned as its governor (1633).
• He died from a stroke there on Dec. 25, 1635.

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New Frances Main Purpose?

• ECONOMICS! The fur trade was set up so that few
  Frenchmen would have to come over to keep the
  profits high and the overhead low.
• Native trappers would trade furs for European
  goods to this skeleton crew.
• It was only when the colony was threatened that
  King Louis XIV sent over military to protect from
  English/Native threats and Les Filles de Roi
  (Kings Girls) to marry the males and grow the
  colony with babies!
• The original pure laine Quebecois (pure wool)

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• VOYAGEURS
• Fur trade
• Seigneurial System
• Hudson Bay CompanyOther Hudson Bay Company
• YouTube - Hinterland Who's Who - Beaver

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The Staple Thesis mirrors modern Canada somewhat

• Canadas Development was due to its economic
  nature
• Atlantic Canada-Fishing (cooperative nature)
• Ontario/Quebec-Fur-HBC/NWC (Businesslike)
• Prairies-Farming (Solitary, frontier-mentality)
• B.C.-Forestry (Tree Huggers?)

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A sideline Religion

• The Jesuit priests (Black Robes) came over to
  convert the Native peoples to Catholicism. They
  felt that otherwise the poor savages were
  doomed to Hell!

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New England and the Puritans/Pilgrims
Provincetown-ironic location

• The Plymouth Colony
• (near Boston),
• Massachussetts

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1620-The Mayflower from Plymouth, England arrives
at Plymouth Rock near Cape Cod
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It brought the Pilgrims, a group of Puritans who
were seeking freedom from oppression at home.
They wanted to be able to practise their pure
form of Christianity away from what they
considered the evils of England. They wanted to
start a New England!
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The Mayflower Compact gave more rights and
freedoms (to MEN) than they would have in
England.Their faith was very strict and moral
dancing, acting, singing in Church were all
shunned. This is where we get the description
puritanical to described very moral people.
They also held the Salem witch trials to punish
evil!
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The First U.S. Thanksgiving

• The Mayflower anchored off the tip of Cape Cod on
  November 11, 1620 and stayed in America that
  winter. Its crew suffered the effects of the
  first winter just as the Pilgrims did, with
  almost half dying. Some think the First
  Thanksgiving was in November 1621 to thank God
  and the local Wampanoag people for their help in
  surviving.

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The MAIN REASON for New England/Americas
beginning?

• Religious FREEDOM.
• It could be argued that this began with the
  Puritans at Plymouth, Mass. in 1620!
• LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS
  FREEDOM! In God We Trust! These are all
  American sayings.

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New France/Canada?

• It was all about making money off of the raw
  materials of cold, forested land of the North.

• It can be argued that Canada was born out of the
  economic use of its staple resources fur,
  timber, wheat and fish.(THE 4 Fs)
• America also saw all of these industries too
  (plus, of course the cotton plantations of the
  south and, horribly, slavery!!!)but Freedom seems
  to be a reoccurring theme in U.S history (for
  some). Canada? Think furs, the Hudson Bay Company
  and !

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• This is ironic, considering one of the most
  capitalistic nations on Earth is America.
• However, it is also said to be the most religious
  nation in the West.
• Is America an anomaly? A Christian nation full of
  extremely decadent wealth, sin and exploitation?
• What is the nature of Canada? Make a list

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfy1IOIlpKaw
• YouTube - The Puritan Experience Making of a New
  World (clip)

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• Colonialism and wars!
• YouTube - American Colonies