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Title: Today's Agenda

1
Today's Agenda

Bellwork
Announcements
Questions
Bellwork Review
Lecture

2
Principles of United States Government

Students explain the fundamental principles and
moral values of the American government as
expressed in the Constitution and other essential
documents of American democracy.

3
Today's Standards

Principles of United States Government
Students explain the fundamental principles and
moral values of the American government as
expressed in the Constitution and other essential
documents of American federalism.
GC.1 Cite textual evidence and evaluate multiple
points of view to analyze the influence of
ancient Greek, Roman, and leading European
political thinkers such as John Locke,
Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli,
Jean Jacques Rousseau, and William Blackstone on
the development of United States government.
GC.2 Determine the central ideas in passages from
Democracy in America to examine the character of
American society, including its religious,
political, and economic character, as articulated
by Alexis de Tocqueville. (H, P)
GC.3 Describe the purposes and functions of
government as outlined in the Preamble to the
Constitution and demonstrate an understanding of
current application of those purposes and
functions by identifying current government
actions related to each of the six purposes.(P)
GC.4 Explain how the Constitution reflects a
balance between the promotion of the public good
and the protection of individual rights. (H, P)
Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read
excerpts from the Magna Carta Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights Two Treatises of Civil
Government, John Locke Declaration of
Independence, Thomas Jefferson excerpts from The
Federalist Papers 1, 9, 10, 39, 51, 78
excerpts from the Constitution excerpts from
Democracy in America, Alexis De Tocqueville The
Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to
Consider excerpts from Letter from a Birmingham
Jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. The Ballot or
the Bullet speech, Malcolm X Virginia Statute
of Religious Freedom, 1786

4
Our objectives

Define government and the basic powers every
government holds.
Describe the four defining characteristics of a
state.
Identify four theories that attempt to explain
the origin of the state.
Understand the purpose of government in the
United States and other countries.

5
Influence of Ancient Greece and Rome

In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader
Cleisthenes introduced a system of political
reforms that he called demokratia, or rule by
the people. Although this Athenian democracy
would survive for only two centuries,
Cleisthenes invention was one of ancient
Greeces most enduring contributions to the
modern world.
http//www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece-democ
racy
At about the same time that popular government
was introduced in Greece, it also appeared on the
Italian Peninsula in the city of Rome. The Romans
called their system a respublica, or republic,
from the Latin res, meaning thing or affair, and
publicus or publica, meaning publicthus, a
republic was the thing that belonged to the Roman
people, the populus romanus.
http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157129/d
emocracy/233830/The-Roman-Republic

6
Leading European Political Thinkers

John Locke
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
Niccolo Machiavelli
Jean Jacques Rousseau
William Blackstone
Alexis de Tocqueville

7
John Locke

John Locke FRS, widely known as the Father of
Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher
and physician regarded as one of the most
influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Wikipedia
http//www.iep.utm.edu/locke/
http//www.johnlocke.org/

8
Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et
de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply
Montesquieu, was a French social commentator and
political thinker who lived during the Age of
Enlightenment
http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/

9
Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an
Italian historian, politician, diplomat,
philosopher, humanist and writer based in
Florence during the Renaissance.
http//www.historyguide.org/intellect/machiav
elli.html

10
Jean Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher,
writer, and composer of the 18th-century. His
political philosophy influenced the French
Revolution as well as the overall development of
modern political, sociological, and educational
thought.
http//www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/

11
William Blackstone

Sir William Blackstone KC SL was an English
jurist, judge and Tory politician of the
eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing
the Commentaries on the Laws of England.
http//avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/blac
kstone.asp

12
Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville was a
French political thinker and historian best known
for his Democracy in America and The Old Regime
and the Revolution.
http//xroads.virginia.edu/Hyper/DETOC/toc_i
ndx.html

13
Preamble of the Constitution

We the People of the United States, in Order to
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defence, promote the general Welfare, and
secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.
http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/con
stitution_transcript.html

14
Example of Group Work

My group got the Preamble of the Constitution. I
found a video on Youtube!
My assignment in my group is the Preamble of the
Constitution. Here is my presentation. Excuse me
teacher, will you please play my video now?

15
Standard

GC.4 Explain how the Constitution reflects a
balance between the promotion of the public good
and the protection of individual rights. (H, P)

16
Balance of Public Good and Protection of
Individual Rights

As all the world now knows, Judge Shira
Scheindlin has ruled that the New York City
Police Departments stop-and-frisk policy amounts
to a policy of indirect racial profiling that
violates the U.S. Constitution. But how did the
she reach this conclusion? The answer turns out
to be pretty interesting. It involves a number of
statistical studies presented to the court by
expert witnesses for the plaintiffs (a number of
New Yorkers who claimed to have been stopped and
frisked without cause) and the defense (the city
of New York). August 13, 2013 The Statistical
Debate Behind the Stop-and-Frisk Verdict Posted
by John Cassidy, New Yorker
http//www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/
2013/08/scheindlin-stop-and-frisk-verdict-new-york
-statistical-debate.html

17
What is Stop and Frisk?

The situation in which a police officer who is
suspicious of an individual detains the person
and runs his hands lightly over the suspect's
outer garments to determine if the person is
carrying a concealed weapon.
One of the most controversial police procedures
is the stop and frisk search. This type of
limited search occurs when police confront a
suspicious person in an effort to prevent a crime
from taking place. The police frisk (pat down)
the person for weapons and question the person.
http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Stop
andFrisk

18
Is It Fair? David Floyd v City of New York

NYPD stops are significantly more frequent for
Black and Hispanic citizens than for white
citizens, after adjusting stop rates for the
precinct crime rates, the racial composition and
other social and economic factors predictive of
police activity. These disparities are consistent
across a set of alternate tests and assumptions.
Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be stopped
than Whites even in areas where there are low
crime rates and where residential populations are
racially heterogeneous or predominantly White.
http//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopic
s/subjects/s/stop_and_frisk/index.html
http//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopic
s/subjects/s/stop_and_frisk/index.html

19
Stop-and-Frisk Data

In 2012, New Yorkers were stopped by the police
532,911 times
473,644 were totally innocent (89 percent).
284,229 were black (55 percent).
165,140 were Latino (32 percent).
50,366 were white (10 percent).
http//www.nyclu.org/content/stop-and-frisk-data

20
Pop Quiz!!!!

You are a police chief. You have 40 second-shift
officers for event security on Saturday night and
you must cover these four events
1) Jimmy Buffett Concert
2) Ludracis Concert
3) Justin Bieber Concert
4) The Wriggles
How many policemen do you assign to each event?
Explain your decision making process.

21
Imagine This....

People complain about flying today, being
searched at the airport.
Imagine Living Like That Every Day of Your
Life.....

22
Standard

GC.4 Explain how the Constitution reflects a
balance between the promotion of the public good
and the protection of individual rights. (H, P)

23
Want to see a video?

It might make you mad? Do you use email or text
messages or Facebook or Twitter or talk on your
phone?
Hmmm... Ready to watch it?

24
Founding Fathers

George Washington James Madison
Thomas Jefferson John Adams
Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton
George Mason Gouverneur Morris
Roger Sherman James Wilson
Edmund Randolph
http//www.constitutionfacts.com/us-founding-fathe
rs/about-the-founding-fathers/

25
Other Readings

The Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther
King, Jr.
The Ballot or the Bullet speech, Malcolm X
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, 1786

26
Primary Readings

Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights
Two Treatises of Civil Government, John Locke
Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
The Federalist Papers 1, 9, 10, 39, 51, 78
U.S. Constitution
Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville

27
The Social Contract

Of The Social Contract, Or Principles of
Political Right (Du contrat social ou Principes
du droit politique) (1762) by Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, is the book in which Rousseau theorized
about the best way in which to set up a political
community in the face of the problems of
commercial society which he had already
identified in his Discourse on Inequality (1754).
http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Ro
uSoci.html

28
Magna Carta

Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum
or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England,
is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin
in the year 1215
http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_document
s/magna_carta/

29
Mayflower Compact

The "Mayflower Compact" was signed on November
11th, 1620, on board the Mayflower shortly after
she came to anchor off Provincetown Harbor. The
Pilgrims had obtained permission from English
authorities to settle in Virginia, whose northern
border at the time extended up to what is now New
York.
http//mayflowerhistory.com/mayflower-compact/

30
Today's Agenda

Bellwork
Announcements
Questions
Bellwork Review
Lecture

31
English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights is an English
precursor of the Constitution, along with the
Magna Carta and the Petition of Right. The
English Bill of Rights limited the power of the
English sovereign, and was written as an act of
Parliament. As part of what is called the
Glorious Revolution, the King and Queen William
and Mary of Orange accepted the English Bill of
Rights as a condition of their rule.
http//billofrightsinstitute.org/resources/educato
r-resources/americapedia/americapedia-documents/en
glish-bill-of-rights/

32
Two Treatises of Civil Government

The Two Treatises of Government is a work of
political philosophy published anonymously in
1689 by John Locke.
http//www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/old/trgov10h.h
tm

33
Declaration of Independence

On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress,
meeting in Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania State
House (now Independence Hall), approved the
Declaration of Independence, severing the
colonies' ties to the British Crown.
http//www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DeclarIn
d.html

34
Federalist Papers

Beginning on October 27, 1787 the Federalist
Papers were first published in the New York press
under the signature of "Publius". These papers
are generally considered to be one of the most
important contributions to political thought made
in America. The essays appeared in bookform in
1788, with an introduction by Hamilton.
Subsequently they were printed in many editions
and translated to several languages. The
pseudonym "Publius" was used by three man Jay,
Madison and Hamilton. Jay was responsible for
only a few of the 85 articles. The papers were
meant to be influential in the campaign for the
adoption of the Constitution by New York State.
But the authors not only discussed the issues of
the constitution, but also many general problems
of politics.
http//www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1786-1800/the-
federalist-papers/

35
Constitution

We the People of the United States, in Order to
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defence, promote the general Welfare, and
secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.
http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitu
tion_transcript.html

36
Democracy In America

De la démocratie en Amérique is a classic French
text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title
translates as On Democracy in America, but
English translations are usually entitled simply
Democracy in America
http//www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/toqueville/d
em-in-america1.pdf

37
Letter from Birmingham Jail

The Letter from Birmingham Jail is an open letter
written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King,
Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent
resistance to racism, arguing that people have a
moral responsibility to break unjust laws.
http//www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/0
4/martin-luther-kings-letter-from-birmingham-jail/
274668/

38
The Ballot or the Bullet

Mr. Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and
sisters, friends and enemies I just can't
believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't
want to leave anybody out. The question tonight,
as I understand it, is "The Negro Revolt, and
Where Do We Go From Here?" or What Next?" In my
little humble way of understanding it, it points
toward either the ballot or the bullet.
Malcolm X
http//www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/mal
colm_x_ballot.html
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0TKB3IYgEOg

39
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

... Jefferson wanted to be remembered for,
besides writing the Declaration of Independence,
was writing the Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom and founding the University of Virginia,
http//www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resour
ces/virginia-history-explorer/thomas-jefferson?leg
acytrue

40
Vocabulary

Government .

41
Vocabulary

Government is the institution through which a
society makes and enforces it public policies.

42
Vocabulary

Public Policies....

43
Vocabulary

The Public Policies of a government are, in
short, all of those things a government decides
to do.

44
Vocabulary

Legislative Power

45
Vocabulary

Legislative Power is the power to make laws and
frame Public Policies

46
Vocabulary

Executive Power

47
Vocabulary

Executive Power is the power to execute, enforce
and adminster laws.

48
Vocabulary

Judicial Power

49
Vocabulary

Judicial Power is the power to interpret laws, to
determine their meaning, and to settle disputes
that arise within the society.

50
Vocabulary

Constitution

51
Vocabulary

Constitution is the body of fundamental laws
setting out the principles, structures, and
processes of a government.

52
Vocabulary

Dictatorship

53
Vocabulary

Dictatorship is where ultimate power is held by a
single person or a small group.

54
Vocabulary

Democracy

55
Vocabulary

In a Democracy, supreme authority rests with the
people.

56
Vocabulary

State

57
Vocabulary

State can be defined as a body of people, living
in a defined territory, with a government and
with power to make and enforce laws with no one
having a higher authority.

58
Vocabulary

Sovereign

59
Vocabulary

Sovereign means a state has absolute power within
its own territory.

60
Today's Standards

Principles of United States Government
Students explain the fundamental principles and
moral values of the American government as
expressed in the Constitution and other essential
documents of American federalism.
GC.1 Cite textual evidence and evaluate multiple
points of view to analyze the influence of
ancient Greek, Roman, and leading European
political thinkers such as John Locke,
Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli,
Jean Jacques Rousseau, and William Blackstone on
the development of United States government.
GC.2 Determine the central ideas in passages from
Democracy in America to examine the character of
American society, including its religious,
political, and economic character, as articulated
by Alexis de Tocqueville. (H, P)
GC.3 Describe the purposes and functions of
government as outlined in the Preamble to the
Constitution and demonstrate an understanding of
current application of those purposes and
functions by identifying current government
actions related to each of the six purposes.(P)
GC.4 Explain how the Constitution reflects a
balance between the promotion of the public good
and the protection of individual rights. (H, P)
Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read
excerpts from the Magna Carta Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights Two Treatises of Civil
Government, John Locke Declaration of
Independence, Thomas Jefferson excerpts from The
Federalist Papers 1, 9, 10, 39, 51, 78
excerpts from the Constitution excerpts from
Democracy in America, Alexis De Tocqueville The
Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to
Consider excerpts from Letter from a Birmingham
Jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. The Ballot or
the Bullet speech, Malcolm X Virginia Statute
of Religious Freedom, 1786