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Conserving Crop Genetic Resources on Smallholder
Farms in Hungary Institutional Analysis

• Györgyi Bela
• Institute of Environmental Management, St.
  István University, Gödöllo, Hungary
• György Pataki Institute of Environmental
  Management, St. István University, Gödöllo,
  Hungary
• Melinda Smale International Food Policy
  Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C., USA
  and International Plant Genetic Resources
  Institute (IPGRI), Rome, Italy
• Mariann Hajdú Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty
  of Law, Budapest, Hungary

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Partners
Institute for Agrobotany, Hungary
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Research activities
Ecological analysis of sample regions
Chemical analysis of landraces seed grains
Agro-morphological analysis of seed samples
Genetic analysis of locally adopted landraces
Product quality analysis of landraces
Economic and institutional analysis of conserving
crop genetic resources on farm
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Economic and institutional analysis of conserving
crop genetic resources on farm
Farm Household Model
Discursive Attribute Analysis
Institutional and Legal Analysis
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Institutional and Legal Analysis

• The goals of Institutional Analysis
• Identifying the institutions and organisations
  that have significant impact on the seed choice
  of farmers
• Analysing the present situation of conservation
  in a systematic way
• Identifying the actors with whom policy makers
  are able to work on conservation
• Identifying and analysing different stakeholders
  perception / interests / values of the landraces
  and the conservation of plant genetic resources.

text analysis Organizational policies, national
policies, texts of laws and rules,written rules,
founding documents, norms, web page contents
in depth interviews face-to-face
semi-structured and narrative interviews
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Formal and local-informal seed system
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Institutions of Formal and Local-informal Seed
System
National /Foreign genebanks National breeders
collections National and International research
centres collections Foreign commercial breeders
collections
Farmer stocks and collections Local communities
Families households
Individual Farmers Farmers cooperatives NGOs
Commercial breeders Research institutions Trade
Associations of Breeders
Local market Farmers (small scale, organic)
Local communities Institutes for Agricultural
Quality Control
Households Consumer Protection Office NGOs
Farmers, Private companies
Institutes for Agricultural Quality
Control Patent Office Ministries of Agriculture
Private Seed Traders
Companies dealing with seed production Individual
farmers (large-scale and organic)
Stock exchange, Ministry of Agriculture Seed
Traders
Institutes for Agricultural Quality Control
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Stakeholder map of the seed system
Legislative Institutions (LI)

• Roughly the same number of actors in each
  stakeholder group, except in case farmers
  interviews (sum 22)
• Farmers interviews are more numerous (15
  small-scale and 5 large scale farmers)
• Person, who might be consider as a decision-maker

Interviews
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Findings I.

• Several local varieties of wheat, rye, fruits and
  grapes are present, and Hungary is rich in
  landraces of domesticated animals
• Formal and local-informal seed system are
  artificially separated
• Functioning of local-informal seed system is
  de-legitimized
• Economic transformation, structure and cultural
  change have affected seed system
• Fierce competition on the seed market had adverse
  impact on the local-informal seed system

• All farmers have access to registered seeds,
  traders are well developed
• Access to local seeds are difficult and realized
  through personal contacts

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Findings II.

• Small scale farmers producing to meet the needs
  of their families have played an important
  historical role in the conservation of plant
  genetic resources
• Investment in breeding for the specific
  conditions of a certain production niche in
  uneconomic
• The seed industry is vertically integrated and
  concentrated, with a few multinational companies
  sharing total sales
• The number of non-governmental organizations
  dealing with the issue of agro-biodiversity
  conservation is limited.

• There are programs (NAEP, NBP, BBT) established
  by government which might be a host programs of
  agricultural biodiversity conservation activity.

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Future Work

• The interviews with market participants remain to
  be completed
• Assessment and comparison of the stakeholders
  values an perceptions through analysis of
  interview text are in progress
• Local organised actors with whom we can cooperate
  in the future need to be found

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Thank you

• E-mail address belagy_at_nt.ktg.gau.hu

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