HIV

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HIV AIDS IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Myths about HIV and AIDS

• HIV and AIDS can NOT be spread by shaking hands,
  hugging, eating from the same plate, sharing
  towels and clothing, insect bites and sharing a
  rest room.
• YOU CAN NOT tell if someone is HIV positive just
  by looking at them! Healthy looking people dont
  have HIV.WRONG
• HIV and AIDS are the same thing? Wrong
• HIV and AIDS can be CUREDnot yet.
• There are morebut these are the most common.

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History of HIV and AIDS

• Scientists now know that HIV AIDS was passed to
  humans from monkeys.
• It is believed that a person butchering the flesh
  of monkeys caught the disease without knowing
  it, and then passed it on to humans
• Scientists have traced the virus back to
  determine where and when the first human case of
  HIV began. Scientists recently concluded that the
  first case of human HIV AIDS came from the
  Belgian Congo in Africa in 1959.

The macaque monkey is often believed to be the
species that gave HIV to humans
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About HIV

• The HIV virus is very complex virus, and it is
  always changing and evolving thus making it
  very difficult for scientists to develop a cure
  for HIV - AIDS.
• Right now there isnt a cure for HIV AIDS.
  However, there are medicines that help people to
  live much longer than they have in the past.
• When HIV was first discovered, people lived 10
  years with HIV and another 2-3 once AIDS set in.
  But now, an additional 10 years has been added to
  that life expectancy due to better medicines.

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Where is it NOW?

• HIV AIDS can be found in every country in the
  entire world! It has infected 65 million people
  world wide.
• HIV AIDS is classified as a pandemic (which is
  worse than an epidemic) because it is a rapidly
  spreading disease occurring over a wide
  geographic area and impacting a large number of
  people.

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People in the developed world consume most of the
worlds resources. 25 of global deaths are from
infectious diseases, but the burden of disease is
carried largely in the developing world.
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Death from Contagious Disease.

• There are big differences between developed
  developing nations with regard to mortality or
  death from infectious diseases.

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If you look below the surface you will find some
of the key issues that make HIV/AIDS WORSE in
Africa.
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Objectives for this Unit

• Explore and expand understanding of the AIDS
  epidemic, particularly in Africa.
• Understand that the AIDS epidemic is a world wide
  pandemic that has seriously hurt Africa
  economically, educationally and socially.
• Understand that infectious diseases affect not
  just individuals, but collectivesfamilies,
  communities, nations, the world.
• SS7CG3.b

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This was 5 years ago, what do you think it is
like now?
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2/3 of all people living with HIV are Africans.
Nations most affected South Africa, India,
Nigeria.
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How does Africa compare???
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Geography
Russia

• Africa is currently the continent that is
  suffering the greatest from this virus.
• Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region in
  the world.
• However, researchers fear that another wave of
  AIDS could also greatly impact the Caribbean and
  Eastern Europe and Asia.

Africa
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Why is the U.S. so much lower?
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From Algiers to Cape Town, Africa is dotted with
15 million white tombstones, because that is how
many people have died from AIDS.
The primary social events in South Africa at
present are funerals.
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Culture of HIV and AIDS

• There are several reasons why this dreaded
  disease affects the continent of Africa
• Some cultures believe in having many children to
  help with the farming, as a show of wealth and
  importance.
• Lack of knowledge, education and access to
  medical help.
• High risk behaviors cause the spread of HIV.

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Ignorance is a PROBLEM!

• Another reason why HIV AIDS is spreading so
  rapidly in Africa is due to a lack of knowledge.
• Many people do not know they have HIV or AIDS,
  and they inadvertently pass it on to other
  people.
• Some people dont even know what HIV AIDS is,
  and they pass it on to other people.
• Some people have heard about the virus, but dont
  know how it is spread to other people, or how to
  protect themselves.

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Presently, Africa has inadequate resources to
face the burdens of AIDS, TB, malaria, and other
infectious diseases.
AIDS has led to a resurgence in the incidence of
TB. 1/3 of Africans carry a latent TB infection.
Each year, 5-10 of those co-infected with TB
HIV develop active TB up to 50 will develop TB
at some point.
African governments actually are reducing health
expenditures in order to repay external debt.
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Government HELP

• Many governments are in serious debt and cannot
  afford to educate or feed their populations.
  Treatment for HIV is very expensive.
• Some governments do not believe that HIV is real
  or requires special treatment.
• Many spend their on weapons and war with
  nothing left.
• CORRUPTION of officials- in their pockets
• NO INFRASTRUCTURE-lack of medical facilities,
  schools, government offices, social
  services-UNDEVELOPED NATIONS!!!

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Poverty Informal settlements surround the urban
centers of Africa. AIDS deepens the traps of
poverty, underdevelopment, and marginalization in
a globalizing world.
More than 1 in 4 South Africans12.5 million
peoplelive in shantytowns. Within the last
year, 900 protests over squalid conditions
erupted.
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Economic Problems

• Fewer adults to participate in the workforce.
• Fewer businesses, jobs and opportunities
• More people that are dependent on others for
  food, clothing and housing while they are ill.
  Families are destroyed.
• Lower earning power, reducing the GDP
• No for healthcare or education.
• 31 hiring policies
• Dependant on exports

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Africa is heavily dependent on the resources it
supplies to the world to support their economies.
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Sub-Saharan Africa

• The overall life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa
  has dropped bit by bit over the past 10 years,
  mostly because of the AIDS epidemic, the World
  Health Organization says.
• Life expectancy dropped for female babies from
  51.1 years to 46.3 years. For males, the level
  dropped from 47.3 years to 44.8 years.
•  
• Compare this to the life expectancy in the United
  States, 78 years old.
• AIDS is now the leading cause of death in
  Sub-Saharan Africa, far surpassing the
  traditional deadly diseases of malaria,
  tuberculosis, and pneumonia.
• AIDS killed 2.2 million Africans in 1999, versus
  300,000 AIDS deaths 10 years previously.

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African women HIV

• 60 of HIV African adults are women.
• 75 of all women with HIV, worldwide, are
  African.
• Young African women of childbearing age have the
  highest incidence rates.

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The Face of HIV and AIDS

• Sub-Saharan Africa

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As the most productive members of
societyteachers, agricultural workers,
healthcare personnel, public service staffare
dying from AIDS, the continent is being robbed of
its human capacity.
Life expectancy has dropped to lt40 years in 9
African countries, among them Zimbabwe. There,
life expectancy was 52 years in 1990 in 2003, it
fell to 34 years.
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Doctor, who is going to take care of my
children? AIDS stresses families, as
grandparents take care of orphaned
children. Parents die, there is loss of income to
the family, debt is incurred.
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Fikelala Childrens Centre in Khayelitsha (Cape
Town), South Africa. Infants whose mothers had
no access to antiretroviral therapy are being
born with HIV and soon after are left as orphans.
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If present trends continue, by 2025, there will
be a missing generation of grandparents. Will
there be a sense of family, community? The large
number of children orphaned by AIDS will be less
skilled, less nurtured, and less socially
integrated than their parents were.
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A religious healer in Lagos, Nigeria talks to
women infected by HIV. Without access to medical
treatment, many Africans put their faith in
spiritual cures.
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South Africa Africas most developed country.

• RSA has the highest number of people living with
  HIV in the world, gt5.3 million 3 million women.
• One in 4 South Africans is HIV.
• AIDS is the leading cause of death.
• More than 1/5 of the workforce is HIV.
• Absenteeism from the workplace has risen with
  employee deaths from AIDS.
• The RSA Dept. of Health Study 2002 estimated that
  250 babies per day were infected by mother to
  child transmission.
• AIDS-related illnesses are responsible for 40 of
  deaths in kids lt5 years.

Yesterday
South Africa is being cast into deepening
poverty. The post-apartheid political, social,
and economic gains risk being reversed by the
downward spiral in health. How can South Africa
partner for prosperity with other African nations?
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PREVENTION

• Investment in health systems infrastructure
• Voluntary test and counseling
• Infection control
• Safe blood banks
• Vaccinedevelopment
• EDUCATION

Immunization can eradicate infectious diseases.
Most famous example small pox. Others polio,
measles, H. influenzae type B, Yellow Fever.
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Inspiration
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Other Organizations that HELP

• World Health Organization provides monies and
  help.
• Doctors for Life
• Planet Aid
• Bridges for Help

• Americares
• United Nations World Health

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The One Campaign

• ONE is a new effort by Americans to rally
  Americans ONE by ONE to fight the emergency
  of global AIDS and extreme poverty.

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The One Campaign

• The ONE campaign believes that allocating an
  additional ONE percent of the U.S. budget toward
  providing basic needs like health, education,
  clean water and food would transform the futures
  and hopes of an entire generation in the world's
  poorest countries.
• The ONE campaign also calls for debt
  cancellation, trade reform and anticorruption
  measures in a comprehensive package to help
  Africa and the poorest nations beat AIDS and
  extreme poverty.

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Celebrities the One Campaign
Rock star, Bono, of the band U2, is one of the
biggest supporters of the One Campaign and speaks
around the world about world poverty and the AIDS
pandemic.
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Celebrities Reach Out

• It is reported that Angelina Jolie gives 1/3 of
  her salary to fight issues such as AIDS in
  Africa.
• Angelina also chose to deliver her baby, Shiloh,
  in the country of Namibia.

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• When asked why she chose this country for the
  birth, she stated that it was to raise awareness
  for issues such as AIDS that have impacted the
  country, and others around it.
• She put the first pictures of her baby up for
  auction, and donated the money to the country of
  Namibia. The photos sold for over 4 million
  dollars a record amount!

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Oprahs Gifts

• In December 2003, Oprah began a gift-giving
  pilgrimage in Africa. On her trip, Oprah have
  away 50,000 Christmas gifts to orphans and other
  desperately poor children.
• Not satisfied with just playing Santa once a
  year, Oprah pledged to donate mad cash (we're
  talking' millions and millions of dollars) to
  build schools, empower women and help fight AIDS
  in Africa through her Angel Network.

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The Future

• HIV AIDS can be stopped if people understand
  how it is spread and how to protect themselves
  from this disease.
• This requires that people become educated. If
  people in rural areas learn the facts, instead of
  the myths, they will be empowered to stop this
  disease.
• Likewise, research is being done that will
  hopefully one day cure HIV AIDS, although right
  now there is no cure.

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Aid to Africa

• Because many nations in Africa are very poor and
  lack the financial means, people who have AIDS
  are not able to get the proper medicine or
  treatment. Because there are so many people with
  HIV AIDS, and so little resources, many people
  die without any medical aid.
• Many organizations around the world want to help
  send money and medical supplies to help AID
  Africa.