Molecular Biology and Evolution JEOPARDY!! ?

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Molecular Biology and EvolutionJEOPARDY!! ?
Transcription and RNA Processing Translation and Genetic Code More Translation and Mutations Evolution 1 Evolution 2
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The gene sequence that indicates the start of a
gene is called.
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TATA box or promoter (TATAAA)
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Transcription and RNA Processing
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The enzyme that adds complementary RNA strands to
the template DNA
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RNA Polymerase
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To protect the mRNA from destruction by
cytoplasmic enzymes, it needs
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A G cap and a poly A tail
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Why is mRNA at the ribosome shorter than it was
in the nucleus?
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RNA splicing introns are removed and exons are
pasted together.
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To begin transcription, the TATA box must be
bound by
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Transcription Factors
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Transcription and RNA Processing
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The genetic code consists of
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Translation and Genetic Code
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Codons (3 nucleotide sequences on mRNA)
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Translation and Genetic Code
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What is translation?
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Translation and Genetic Code
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Conversion of nucleic acid language to amino acid
language to build a protein
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Translation and Genetic Code
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What does tRNA do in translation?
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Translation and Genetic Code
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Joins to a specific amino acid and transfer it by
matching its anticodon to the codon on mRNA at
the ribosome
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Translation and Genetic Code
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What happens during initiation of translation?
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Translation and Genetic Code
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mRNA joins with the small ribosomal subunit,
which is then joined by a tRNA, and then joined
by the large ribosomal subunit.
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Translation and Genetic Code
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Why is it significant that there are 64 codons
for 20 amino acids?
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Translation and Genetic Code
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Translation and Genetic Code
Mutations can still occur with potentially no
noticeable effect on the phenotype.
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More Translation and Mutations
Any mutation that affects a single nucleotide is
called
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Point Mutation
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More Translation and Mutations
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A point mutation that involves a single
nucleotide switched with another is called a
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More Translation and Mutations
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Substitution
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More Translation and Mutations
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Frameshift mutations can be caused by
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More Translation and Mutations
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More Translation and Mutations
Insertions or deletions
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List the sequence of events in translation.
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More Translation and Mutations
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More Translation and Mutations
Initiation Elongation ltCodon recognition,
peptide bond formation, translocationgt Terminatio
n
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In terms of transcription and translation, how
does genotype determine phenotype?
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More Translation and Mutations
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the information from the gene on DNA that was
inherited from parents is the genotype. It is
transcribed onto mRNA, and eventually translated
into a protein. The protein is the phenotype
(expression of the genotype)
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More Translation and Mutations
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Evolution 1
What does the theory of evolution suggest about
all living organisms?
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Evolution 1
All living organisms came from a common ancestor.
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Evolution 1
Studying preserved organisms in sedimentary rock
is used as what?
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Evolution 1
Evidence of Evolution
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Evolution 1
When looking at structures that are very similar
but different in function, what kind of evidence
of evolution are you studying?
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Evolution 1
Homologous structures
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Evolution 1
A fire wipes out an entire population of
organisms. A few survive, reproduce, and give
rise to a new population. This is an example of
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Evolution 1
Bottleneck effect (Genetic Drift)
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Evolution 1
Variation in a population is only significant if
what?
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Evolution 1
The variation allows for traits that increase
the fitness of the population. Beneficial
traits are heritable and are passed on through
reproduction.
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My name is Bond, Ionic BondTaken, not shared!
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Evolution 2
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From Mariano Cecowski ltMCecowskiNoSpam.sif.com.
argtQ if both a bear in Yosemite and one in
Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves
faster?A The one in Alaska because it is
HIJKLMNO
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Alimentary What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr.
Watson.Urinate What a nurse would say if a
patient asked her what room he's in.Urine - The
opposite of "You're out!"Benign What we want
when we are eight.Intestine - Currently taking
an exam CARDIOLOGY advanced study of poker
playing TERMINAL ILLNESS getting sick at the
airport
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Evolution 2
Dark colored moths outnumbered light colored
moths in Manchester England during the Industrial
Revolution. How would Lamarck explain this
phenomenon?
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Evolution 2
According to his Theory of Evolution by Acquired
Characteristics, Lamarck would suggest that the
light colored moths turned dark colored,
reproduced, and passed on this acquired trait to
the next generation.
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Genetics 2
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Evolution 2
Dark colored moths outnumbered light colored
moths in Manchester England during the Industrial
Revolution. How would Darwin explain this
phenomenon?
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Darwin would have explained through his Theory of
Evolution by Natural Selection. Light moths were
easily seen by predators and therefore more
likely to be eaten. Dark moths were naturally
selected to survive in that their dark traits
allowed them to blend into their environment. The
dark moths survived, reproduced, and overtime
there were more dark colored moths in the
population.
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Evolution 2
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Evolution 2
Variation within a population comes from.
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Evolution 2
new allele combinations that arise from
mutations.
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Genetics 2
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Evolution 2
Darwin observed selective breeding of dogs to
help him better understand natural selection.
What did he call this type of selective breeding?
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Evolution 2
artificial selection
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Evolution 2

• Upon application of a pesticide in her garden,
  Sally initially found it to be an effective
  method to destroy the pests. Within a few months,
  the pesticide was completely ineffective and her
  garden was being destroyed by pests.
• Why did the pesticide become ineffective?
• What should she do?

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Evolution 2

• The pesticide destroyed 99 of the pests, but 1
  had a mutation that enabled them immunity to the
  pesticide. The pesticide-resistant pests then
  reproduce, and overtime their population
  increased in the garden.
• Sally will need to get a new pesticide