Antimatter

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Antimatter
Aish Somily
SMU
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component

• What is the antimatter?
• Examples of antiparticle?
• Were is the antimatter?
• How can we produce antimatter?
• Experiments of Antimatter
• Antimatter in the future

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Comparing between matter and antimatter

• matter

• antimatter

• Is material composed of particle. (every thing in
  the universe is made out of matter).
• Examples earth, plants, stars,
  particles(leptons, quarks, neutrinos, and
  electron).

• is material composed of antiparticles, which
  have the same mass as particles of ordinary
  matter but have opposite charge.
• Examples anti-earth, anti-plants, anti-stars,
  antiparticles(antileptons, antiquark,
  anti-neutrinos, and antielectron positron.

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• Electron (-)
• Proton

• Positron()
• Antiproton

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annihilating

• when matter and antimatter meet they annihilate
  and destroy each other.

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Where is the antimatter in the universe?

• Hypotheses of scarce antimatter
• annihilate with the matter.
• Invisible parallel universe .
• Reject by the gravity.

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Stages of Discover Antimatter

• Suppose antiparticle by Paul Dirac 1928.
• Dirac spread his Equation that predicted the
  existence of positive and negative solutions to
  the Energy Equation of Einstein. (Noble Prize
  1933).
• Positron was discovered by Carl Anderson 1932.
• Positron gtopposite electron (Noble Prize
  1936).

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Stages of Discover Antimatter

• Produce antiproton at California University in
  1955(bevatron).
• By using collider has energy 6 billion ev ,and
  projection a package of protons on the cupper
  target to produce antiproton.
• (Noble Prize 1959)

Bevatron in California
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ALPHA Experiment
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ALPHA Experiment

• Try to create antiatoms.
• Starts with Hydrogen (simplest atom).
• In 1995, the first anti-hydrogen was produced by
  a team led by Walter Oelert at CERN.
• Antiproton positron anti-hydrogen.
• Creating anti-hydrogen depends on bringing
  together the two component antiparticles,
  antiprotons and positrons, in a trapping device
  for charged particles. Since anti-hydrogen atoms
  have no electric charge, once they form they
  can't be confined in such a device. In the ATHENA
  experiment the antiatoms would drift naturally to
  the walls of the trap. Because these walls were
  made of ordinary matter, the contact caused the
  antiatoms to annihilate a few microseconds after
  they were created.
• Using bremsstrahlung to keep atoms longest time.

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ALPHA Experiment

• In June 2011, ALPHA reported that it had
  succeeded in trapping antimatter atoms for over
  16 minutes long enough to begin to study their
  properties in detail. This should give the
  physicists time to take measurements and to find
  more answers to the antimatter mystery.
• several experimental groups hope to study the
  properties of anti-hydrogen and see if it has the
  same spectral lines as hydrogen.
• One group, AEGIS, will even attempt to measure g,
  the gravitational acceleration constant, as
  experienced by anti-hydrogen atoms.

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Last Measurement at CERN in 2014

• Geneva 18 September 2014. The Alpha Magnetic
  Spectrometer (AMS) collaboration has today
  presented its latest results. These are based on
  the analysis of 41 billion particles detected
  with the space-based AMS detector aboard the
  International Space Station. The results,
  presented during a seminar at CERN, provide new
  insights into the nature of the mysterious excess
  of positrons observed in the flux of cosmic rays.

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Advantages

• Fuel
• Because antimatter can make so much energy, it
  can be used for a lot of things.
• Medical
• It does have a use in medicine, because a special
  kind of scanner called the PET, which stands for
  positron emission tomography, uses positrons to
  go into the human body.

positron emission tomography (PET)
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Disadvantage

• Cost
• To produce 10 milligram of positrons, will
  cost 250,000,000 (equivalent to 25 billion per
  gram)
• Weapons
• Due the enormous cost of producing antimatter,
  weapons need a lot of time to threatens human
  life. As one researcher of the CERN
  laboratories, said
• If we could assemble all of the antimatter
  we've ever made at CERN and annihilate it with
  matter, we would have enough energy to light a
  single electric light bulb for a few minutes.

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Conclusion

• That antimatter has the same properties of the
  matter except electric charge.
• When matter meet with antimatter they immediately
  annihilate each other, and produce a huge energy.
• Antimatter has a useful uses which can we use
  them in the future.

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RESOURSES

• Antimatter

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter
http//home.web.cern.ch/about/experiments/alpha
http//home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2014/01/anti
matter-experiment-pr oduces-first-beam-antihydroge
n
http//www.newscientist.com/special/antimatter-mys
teries
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