Active Galactic Nuclei=Black Hole Accretion Disk

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??????????????3??????????

• ???? (????)

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???????????
Active Galactic NucleiBlack Hole Accretion Disk
???????????
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????????
????????????X????????????????????
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???????????
Shibata et al. 1995
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????????????????

• ????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????
• a??????? trf aP
• a 0.01-0.1 gtgt ????
• ????
• ???????????????
• ??
• a O(0.001) ?????
• ????

??????????????????????
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?????????????????X?????
GRS1915105?X???(?)?hard/soft?(?)?????(Belloni et
al. 1997)
Cyg X-1???X????? (Negoro et al. 1995)
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?????????????????????????GRS1915105
VLA????????????????(Mirabel et al.1994)
Mirabel and Rodriguez (1998)
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???????????????????????????????
Cyg X-1??????????????
???????(high state)????????????????????????
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????????

• ????????? (SADM)
• ????????????????????

Qrad Qvis

• ????????? (ADAF)

???? ??ADAF ??ADAF
Qadv Qvis
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??????????
????????????????????
ADAF
??
Q gtQ-
ADAF
Q gtQ-
Q- gtQ
????????
????????
SADM
????
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??????????(2)
Abramowicz et al. 1995
???
Slim
ADAF
SADM
???
??????
??????
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???X-1?X?????
X??????????X?????????????????????(Negoro et al.
2001)
????
X?????
??
??
Cyg X-1???X????? (???1995)
?????????????X?????????(Manmoto et al. 1996)
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QUESTIONS

• ????????????????????a???????????????
• ????????????X????????????????????????
• ??????????????????(ADAF)??????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????

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???????????? ??????
Angular momentum
Balbus and Hawley (1991)
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?????????????????????????????
k//vA(15/16)1/2O????????(3/4)O
???
??
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??????????????
Astrophysical Rotating Plasma Simulator (ARPS)
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?????
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????????3??MHD????(Newtonian)
Initial Condition
After 10 Rotation Period
b Pgas/Pmag100
20064240 grid points
Matsumoto 1999
??????? ????
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????????????
ORBIT
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???????????????
Machida et al. 2000
Magnetic Field Lines and Isosurface of Magnetic
Field Strength for a model Starting from ß1
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??????????????X???????????
Cyg X-1?????(??)? ?????????????(??)
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??????????????????????????????
Joule Heating Rate
Kawaguchi et al. 2000 PASJ 52, L1
Power Spectrum of Time Variation
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????????????
??????J/????
???????????
(Kawaguchi et al 2000)
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??????????????3??????????
Machida and Matsumoto (2002)
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??????????
????????????? pseudo-Newtonian potential f -
GM/(r-rg)
rg ??????????
???? ????? R50rg???? ???/??? ß 100
???????? Rm 2000
r2rg???????
??????????????????????????? min 0.05, max
(J/?) vc2/Rm , 0.0
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????
Zoom up Innermost Region
t 30630 -130rgltrlt130rg
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??????????
( -0.5 lt log? lt 0)
3000 rg/c
? 50rg??Kepler?? ? 0.03 M/Mo
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????ß(?????????)?????
????
Rm100 R lt 10Rg ??? (Machida et al. 2002)
ß10?????????!
????????500????
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????????PSD
PSD
F(-1.5)
???????????????????10????????????????100Hz
?????Cyg X-1?PSD
???
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????????????
???????????(rlt60)
?????????????(rlt10)
T30590
??????????10rg?????????????(BSS)??????????????????
???
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Maxwell Stress?????? lt-BrBf/4pgt/ltPgt?????
??(4lt r lt 10 )
??(20 lt rlt 40 )
a0.1
a0.03
TIME
TIME
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???????????????
????????????
?????????????t29000??31000?????????
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????????
30570
30590
30610
30630
????? ????????????????????????
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?????????????
???????
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????
T30590
T30610
T30630
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
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?????????????????
??????
T30590
????
???????
T30610
???
T30630
?????????????
time
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X????????
????????? ? ???????
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(No Transcript)
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???
X-ray shot
???????????????????????
??????
??????????
????????? BSS???????
???????????(?????)??
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?????????????? ????????
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?????????????
Blandford and Payne 1982
Maruyama and Fujimoto 1987 Lovelace et al. 1991
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Steady Model of Axisymmetric Jet(Kudoh and
Shibata 1997)
Along a Magnetic Field Line
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?????????
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?????????????? (Kuwabara et al. 2000
PASJ)
ideal
Mildly resistive
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3D Structure
T0
T25
T33
T40
T0
T25
T33
T40
T0
T25
T33
T40
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Works in progress Implementation of general
relativistic code
Study the time evolution of rotating black holes
with a rotating torus. Simulate how much energy
is extracted through magnetic fields.
Koide, Shibata, Kudoh, and Meier 2002, Science
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??????MHD????(Koide et al. 1998,1999,2000)
V 0.93c (G2.7)
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???

• ??????????????3?????MHD?????????
• Rlt10rg?????????????(BSS)??????1????????????
• ??????????????????????BSS?????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ??????????????????????Cyg X-1????????X????????????
  ???????????????????