Humans Discover Farming!

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Humans Discover Farming!

• Neolithic Age
• New Stone Age!
• Settlement in River Valleys
• around 10,000 B.C.

2
The Farming Revolution!

1. Around 10,000 BC, humans all over Earth begin to
   settle in one area after discovering how to farm
   (Farming Revolution)
2. Farming needs fresh water so major farming areas
   are by rivers.
3. River Valleys Drawing

3
Why Settle In River Valleys?

1. Rivers provide fresh water that humans animals
   can use 2 drink and farm
2. Water can also be used to clean, cool, cook,
   fight fires, enjoyment, bathroom!
3. Rivers often flood (danger!) and create rich soil
   for farmers to plant crops
4. Travel also can take place on water (ships) so
   these areas become places of travel and trade
   MONEY!!! ?

4
The Four Major River Valleys of early
civilizations

1. Egypt Nile River
2. Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
3. India Indus and Ganges Rivers
4. China Huang He and Yangtze Rivers

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Farming Revolution

• Farming gave people a consistent supply of food
  and even leftovers!
• A surplus (an extra amount) of food meant that
  humans could now live in one area no longer
  needed to be nomads and hunt/fish everyday.
• People domesticate (tame) animals and use them
  for food, work, clothing and transportation.

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Growth of communities

1. People began to live together in permanent
   villages due to farming.
2. Specialization began to occur people take on
   different tasks roles
3. Discovery of how to make metal increased tools
   and weapons
4. Small villages grow into large cities and
   civilization begins to occur in the four major
   River Valleys!

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What makes a civilization?

• Government and Laws for social order
• Writing for record keeping and history!
• Class Divisions rich, middle and poor
• Permanent Cities usually quite large
• Organized Religion followed by majority of people
  
• Specialization of Labor not all are farmers but
  now you have metalworkers, artists, fishermen

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Civilizations have

• Government

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Civilizations have

• Writing

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Civilizations have

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Civilizations have

• Permanent settlements
• (Cities)

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Civilizations have

• Religion

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Civilizations have

• Division
• of labor (specialization)

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History vs. Prehistory!

1. Before farming, everyone was too busy
   unorganized to develop writing
2. Farming allows people to settle down in one
   place. Now they have time and the need to
   develop writing.
3. That writing can be used to tell us about their
   society and their history.
4. Everything before writing is called Prehistory
   because we really do not know their history!

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Earliest Writing - Cuneiform

• People who wrote about their events are the
  worlds first historians!
• Should we trust and believe all ancient writing
  that we find?

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Egyptian Hieroglyphics
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Development of Metals!

1. Humans learn how to mix materials to get stronger
   metals.
2. New metals create new ages. Examples Copper
   Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.
3. The stronger your metal, the more you can build,
   the better you can fight, the faster you can do
   something

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Otzis Axe
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Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Age

• People wandered and were considered nomads just
  looking for food
• Discovered fire, created a language and made
  simple tools
• No permanent homes and had to do much of the work
  individually
• No written records prehistory

• Began to farm stability and villages
• Specialization creation of other jobs such as
  craftsman and metalworkers
• Surplus of goods trade and growth of small
  villages into large cities
• Writing tells us about their civilization!!! ?

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Why do we study these people who lived thousands
of years ago?
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Which ancient civilizations will we study in 6th
Grade?

• Mesopotamia Civilizations like the Sumerians,
  Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans

• Egypt
• Israel
• Phoenicia
• Greece
• Rome
• Persia
• China
• India