From Protest to Revolution

1
From Protest to Revolution

• Chapter 5
• Section 3

2
A Dispute Over Tea

• Tea was very popular among the colonies. By 1770,
  at least one million Americans brewed tea twice a
  day. People loved tea so much that theyd rather
  go without dinner than not have their tea.

3
A Dispute Over Tea

• Think back. What taxes were repealed? What tax
  remained?
• Most tea was purchased in the colonies was from
  the British East India Company. Where did this
  tea come from?
• In the 1770s, the British East India Company
  faced financial trouble. Parliament as we
  mentioned kept a tax on tea in order to keep its
  right to tax the colonies.

4
A Dispute Over Tea

• The tax was small, but the colonies eventually
  began to resent it.
• What did many colonists do? What happened?
• In order to help the British East India Company
  Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. What did
  the act do?

5
A Dispute Over Tea

• In short Parliament cut out the middle man and
  the colonists would still have to pay the tax but
  they did not have to pay the merchants higher
  prices.
• What did Parliament want to happen? What happened
  instead?

6
A Dispute Over Tea

• American merchants were upset because they now
  could not trade tea. They also believed that
  forcing Americans to buy tea through the British
  East India Company violated the American right to
  conduct free enterprise.

7
A Dispute Over Tea

• What did the colonist do again to this act? Who
  lead the boycott?
• What was made instead? What did the Sons of
  Liberty do?

8
Boston Tea Party

• Three ship loaded with tea reached Boston harbor
  on the night of November 1773. The Massachusetts
  colonial governor called for the cargo to be
  unloaded as usual.
• Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty had other plans.

9
Boston Tea Party

• On the night of December 16, 1773, Sam Adams and
  the Sons of Liberty met in the Old South Meeting
  house. They sent a message to the governor,
  demanding that the ships leave the harbor.
• When the governor rejected the demand Adams stood
  up and declared what?

10
Boston Tea Party

• A group of men disguised as Indians burst into
  the meetinghouse. A voice came from among them,
  Boston harbor a teapot tonight!
• The disguised group left the meetinghouse and
  headed for the harbor. Other colonists joined
  them along the way.

11
Boston Tea Party

• Under a near full moon the men boarded the ship
  and split the chests of tea open and dumped the
  tea into the harbor.
• By 10 p.m., the Boston Tea Party was over.
• By the end 342 chess of tea were floating in the
  harbor.

12
Parliament Strikes Back

• Colonists were split some were happy others were
  not too comfortable with the lawlessness.
• The British of course were outraged with the
  Boston Tea Party. As a punishment Parliament
  passed four laws which the colonists called the
  Intolerable Acts because they were so harsh.

13
Parliament Strikes Back

• First, Parliament shut down the port of Boston.
  No ship could come in or leave. The harbor would
  remain closed until the colonists paid the cost
  of the tea lost at the Boston Tea Party and
  repaid British officials for damage to personal
  property like Thomas Hutchinson.

14
Parliament Strikes Back

• Second, Parliament forbade Massachusetts
  colonists from having town meetings more than
  once a year without the governors permission.
  How were the meetings before?
• In addition, all the juries would now be picked
  by the king as opposed to colonists. Parliament
  Strikes Back

15
Parliament Strikes Back

• Third, Parliament allowed for any British
  official or customs official to be tried in
  Canada or Britain as opposed to the colonies. The
  colonists argued that dishonest officials could
  break the law in the colonies and avoid
  punishment by being tried by British jury.

16
Parliament Strikes Back

• Fourth, Parliament passed a new Quartering Act.
  Colonists would have to house the British
  soldiers.
• Quebec Act- set up a government for Canada and
  gave complete religious freedom to French
  Catholics. The act also extended the borders of
  Quebec to include land between the Ohio and
  Missouri rivers. The act pleased the French
  Canadians. But it angered American colonists
  because some of the colonies claimed ownership of
  these lands.

17
Parliament Strikes Back

• Who spread the news of the Intolerable Acts?
• They warned how the people of Massachusetts faced
  hunger as the ports remained closed. In response
  other colonies sent food from where?
• What did Thomas Jefferson say should be done?

18
Parliament Strikes Back

• On June 1, 1774, church bells tolled slowly.
  Merchants closed their shops and many colonists
  prayed and fasted all day.
• On September 1774, colonial leaders called a
  meeting in Philadelphia. Delegates from 12
  colonies gathered in what? Who did not send a
  delegate?

19
Parliament Strikes Back

• After some debate the delegates passed a
  resolution backing Massachusetts in its struggle.
  What did they agree? What did they urge each
  colony to do? What is a militia?
• Before leaving Philadelphia the delegates agreed
  to meet again in May 1775.

20
Lexington and Concord

• What did Massachusetts newspapers call for? What
  are minutemen? How did they get their name?
• In Massachusetts minutemen collected weapons and
  gunpowder. On the other hand the British built up
  their forces.
• Troops arrived in Boston equaling to 4,000.

21
Lexington and Concord

• Early in 1775, General Thomas Gage sent scouts to
  towns near Boston. What did they report back?
  What did Gage plan?
• On April 18, about 700 British troops quietly
  left Boston. What was their goal? Who was
  watching? What did they do and what did this
  signal mean?

22
Lexington and Concord

• Colonists on the other side of the river saw the
  signal. Messengers mounted their horses and rode
  through toward Concord. Who was one of the
  riders? What did he shout?

23
Lexington and Concord

• On day break on April 19, the redcoats reached
  Lexington. How many minutemen were waiting under
  whose command?
• What did the British order the minutemen to do?

24
Lexington and Concord

• Outnumbered the colonist began to leave.
  Suddenly, a shot rang out. No one knows who shot
  it but in the brief struggle 8 colonists lay
  dead.
• The British pushed towards Concord. What made
  them turn back towards Boston?
• On a bridge outside of Concord they were met by
  300 minutemen. Fighting broke out. Who was forced
  to retreat?

25
Lexington and Concord

• As the British retreated colonist sharpshooters
  shot at them.
• Local women also fired at the British from their
  windows.
• By the time the British reached Boston they had
  lost 73 men and another 300 were missing or
  wounded.

26
Lexington and Concord

• What was this battle called?
• What was this the end of?
• Who was the famous poet who wrote about the
  minutemen?
• What did the poem say?
• Now the colonists faced 6 long years of fighting
  and at the end the 13 colonies would be a new,
  independent nation.