Average age then 42

1
Constitutional Convention and Ratification of
the Constitution

• Average age then 42
• Average age now 64
• Shays rebellion
• Reflection of what?
• Convention called in Philadelphia
• Revise what?
• Successful?

2
Virginia Plan

• What happened on May 30th?
• Proposals
• VA Plan - Edmund Randolph
• Strong national government
• 3 branches
• Representation
• House of Representatives
• Senate
• What did smaller states think?

3
New Jersey Plan

• William Patterson
• Amend Articles of Confederation
• Equal representation
• Unicameral
• Add powers to the Articles of Confederation
• Tax, regulate trade, executive and judicial
  branch
• Major differences between VA Plan and NJ Plan?
• Branches of government
• Representation
• Legislative branch

4
Connecticut Compromise

• Roger Sherman
• Constitution State
• Compromise
• National Legislature representation
• Bicameral
• Great Compromise or Bundle of Compromises

5
3/5ths Compromise

• Slavery an issue the Framers did not want to
  tackle
• Abolish or regulate?
• 20 year delay
• South wanted slaves counted toward representation
  - economies depended on it
• Compromise
• Every 5 slaves 3 people
• Also used for taxation purposes

6

• 3/5ths Compromise disappeared from Constitution
  after Civil War
• Civil War Amendments made slavery illegal
• 13 - freed
• 14 - equal rights
• 15 - voting rights

7
Commerce Slave Trade Compromise

• Should slave trade be abolished or regulated?
• What did the south want? Why?
• Voted to delay regulation for 20 years
• Congress forbidden to tax exports
• Product?

8
Ratification of the Constitution

• Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
• Primary Issues
• Central Government too strong, too distant
• No Bill of Rights
• Leery of taxes
• No mention of God
• States lose power to print own money

9

• Federalists
• Madison, Jay, Hamilton
• Property owners
• Pro Strong central government
• Bill of Rights not necessary
• Bicameral legislature

10

• Anti-Federalist
• Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson
• Believed in common man
• Participatory democracy
• Bill of Rights required
• Did not trust strong government

11
Federalist Papers

• Explained Founding Fathers thinking
• Publius - NY papers
• 85 articles written
• Hamilton - 51
• Madison - 26
• Jay - 5 (1st Chief Justice of Supreme CT)
• Hamilton Madison - 3

12
Federalist 10 51

• 10 - Madison
• Concerns regarding factions
• Advantages of indirect democracy
• 51 - Madison
• Checks and Balances
• Federalism

13
Ratification

• DE 1st - First in Nation license plates
• NH - 9th
• RI 13th
• September 17, 1787 - approved by Convention
• September 13, 1788 - ratified by nine states
• 1st capital - ? Next? Final?
• 1st priority?