Bio-energy in Poland

1
International Conference on the Future of Energy
in Enlarged Europe Perspectives for RD
Co-operation. A contribution within the context
of the Weimar Triangle Warsaw, October 7th, 2004
Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry RTD
potentials
Grzegorz Wisniewski ecbrec_at_ibmer.waw.pl EC
Baltic Renewable Energy Centre Centre of
Excellence Institute for Building, Mechanisation
and Electrification of Agriculture Warsaw,
Poland, www.ecbrec.pl
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Poland general data land use
General data Area 312 thous
km2 Forestry area 8,9 mln
ha Woodiness 9,4 Timber removals 26,9
hm3 Agriculture land 18,4 mln ha Sown area
2,6 mln ha
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Opportunities for energy crops in the EU NMS
Biggest bio-energy export potential
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Policy legal drivers for RES in Poland and EU
NMS
Country RES targets (primary energy) RES-E targets 2010 RES Act or national programme Environmental funds Feed-in tariff/quota obligation
Cyprus 9 2010 6 National Programme ? ?
Czech Republic 4 2010 7 2030 8 National Program ? ?
Estonia - 5,1 ? ?
Hungary 7,2 2010 3,6 National Programe under preparation ? ?
Latvia 12 2010 49,3 ? ?
Lithuania - 7 National Program ? ?
Malta - 5 ?
Poland 7 2010 14 2020 7,5 Biofuel act- quota targets (biodiesel and bioethanol) ? Quota obligation
Slovakia 4 2005 31 ? ? ?
Slovenia 12 2010 33,6 ? ?
Usually quota obligation does not favour
advanced technology development
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Forecast for the primary energy use in Poland
till 2020 in PJ, National Energy Policy,
reference scenario
No nuclear energy in Poland!
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Utilisation of renewable energy sources in
Poland 2002 (source EC BREC)
Source Capacity (MW) Electricity Production (GWh) Heat production (TJ) Total energy production (TJ) Contribution to total energy production
Biomass 6500 310 102056 103173 92.0
Solar 17 - 37 37 0.0
Geothermal heat pumps 89 - 526 526 0.5
Wind 29 60 - 216 0.2
Hydro (small plants lt5 MW) 524 (185) 2276 (698) - 8192 (2511) 7.3 (2.2)
Total 7100 2646 102619 112146 100.0
Biomass 92 of total production of renewable
energy
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Expected structure of capacity increase in RES
in Poland 2002- 2010 National Renewable Energy
Strategy 2001
RES target 2010 - 7,5 TPS
Official short term technological priorities?
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Generation of energy from RES in Development
Strategy of Renewable Energy Sources
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FORESTRY FIRE-WOD POTENTIAL
Forestry area 8,9 mln ha Woodiness 28,3 Timber
removals 26,9 Mm3 Afforestations 63.000
ha/a Long-term plan 0,7 Mha by
2020
ACTUAL PROD FOR ENERGY FIRE-WOOD 1,5
Mm3 SMALL-SIZE 0,7 Mm3 FUTURE LOGGING RESIDUE
1-1,6 Mm3 ROOT STUMWOOD 1,6 Mm3 SMALL-SIZE
(EARLY THINNINGS) 2,5 Mm3
Woodiness in Voivodships and timber harvest
m3/100 ha (GUS - Forestry Statistics 2002) 10
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STRAW POTENTIALS
PRODUCTION T/a PRODUCTION T/a
Cereals 25,5 mln
Rape 1 mln
Needs T/a Needs T/a
Feeding and litter 13 mln
Plaughing 2,5 mln
SURPLUS 11 mln
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Biogas technical potential 26 PJ in total
No of poultry farms above 5000 units
No of cow farms above 100 units
No of pig farms above 500 units
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Bioenergy market short and medium term
opportunities

• CO-FIRING (biomasscoal), large power plants,
  industry
• BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING (municipalities)
• CHP (small and medium scale, industry,
  municipalities)
• TRANSPORT (biodiesel, bioethanol)
• Problem development of solid biofuels market
• BIOGAS (from agriculture)
• BIOMASS GASIFICATION
• Problem market maturity of technologies

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Bioenergy Market- role of biomass co-firing

• Accession Treatyan indicative RES-E goal for
  Poland 2010 - 7.5
• Governmental assumption 4 of green electricity
  from biomass co-fring in coal power plants in
  2010 equivalent of some 8-10 million tons
  (10-12 million m3) of fuel
• The present logging of wood - 2.5 million m3,
  missing
• 9-10 million m3 should therefore come mostly
  from energy crops (ca. 300 thousand hectares) or
  be imported
• Resulting competitions and conflicts of
  interests
• -land competition (food-energy),
• -biofuels import-export competition,
• -competition for current limited biomass
  resources for green heat green liquid
  biofuels production,
• -sustainability of agriculture energy?

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Drivers for bio-energy deployment Good public
perception and the role of bio-energy RTD
INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITIES
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The results of Polish bioenergy RTD scan Source
ERA-Bioenergy 2003

• About 150 experts and scientific workers are
  active in bioenergy
• Comparable small research groups 1-4 scientists
  
• Annually budget in bioenergy area - about 2 000
  000 EUR
• Rather small scale dispersed projects 5000
  50000 EUR/year
• Biggest projects financed by FP5
• A few bilateral projects Sweden, Germany, ...
• Two national bioenergy programmes under
  preparation
• Participation of Poland in NoE Bioenergy (FP6)

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Share of biomass to energy conversion topics in
RTD projects 2002
Since 2003 new topic biomass co-firing with
coal due to new legislation and industrial
interest
Source ERA Bioenergy, FP5,2003
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INTEGRATION of NATIONAL RTDPolish Sustainable
Energy RTD Network of CoE
Institue for Energy coordinator
EC BREC coordinator of bio-energy sub-network
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Overcoming barriers to development of bioenergy
VICIOUS CIRCLE OF BIOENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Area of co-operation with industry and scientific
centres
SMALL SCALE OF PRODUCTION
HIGH COSTS
Area of co-operation with local governments in
implementation of projects
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Strength of bio-energy in Poland

• Considerable bio-resources availability at lower
  than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)
• Potential surplus of agricultural production and
  opportunities for energy crops production
• Attractive short term options for heat and CHP
  production coal to biomass (co-firing) or biogas
  instead of imported gas/oil
• Continuous improvement of bio-energy policy and
  legal framework, driven by the EU regulations
• Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby

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Polish Bio-energy RTD theses for further
discussion

• Bio-energy research suffers from under-funding
  but the existing research potential is
  considerable and should be one of the national
  RTD assets in near future
• Temporary focus on short and medium term research
  is essential for better involvement of bio-energy
  industry and for increase of the share of private
  funding for energy RTD.
• There is a need for joint setting of relevant RTD
  bio-energy priorities and measures in Poland,
  considering biomass resources, maturity and
  potential of industry, as well as current
  specialisation and possible co-operation with
  others EU MS.
• Open questions
• will Poland be one of the bio-energy leading
  country in the EU and advanced technology creator
  or just technology imitator
• how much Poland wil contribute to the ERA in
  scope of renewable energy/bio-energy?