Establishing the Rule of Law

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Establishing the Rule of Law
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Communist party-state

• guardianship
• party represents the historical best interests
  of the people
• CCPs peoples democratic dictatorship allows
  no organized opposition to party leadership
• hierarchy of party organizations
• democratic centralism
• consultation and implementation

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Communist party-state

• Organizational design of political system
• borrowed from Leninist party-state of the FSU
• principles of guardianship and hierarchy
• Mao added the idea of the mass line in 40s
• political reforms after the Maoist era
• ideology became much less prominent and coherent
• no fundamental systematic change

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Village
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CCP General Secretary

• Jiang Zemin (1989 - 2002)
• Hu Jintao (2002 - )

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Politburo Standing Committee

• Each heads party work in one area
• organization and personnel
• propaganda and education
• finance and economy
• political and legal affairs
• foreign affairs
• etc.

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PRC Head of State

• President
• Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
• also then CCP General Secretary
• Hu Jintao (2003-2008)
• also current CCP General Secretary

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Central Government

• Premier Wen Jiabao (2003-2008)
• State Council
• 29 Ministries and Commissions
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Ministry of National Defense
• State Development Reform Commission
• Peoples Bank of China
• etc.

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National Peoples Congress

• According to the constitution, the highest
  organization of state authority
• NPC Standing Committee
• the permanent body of NPC exercises all but the
  most formal powers of the NPC
• 8 Special Committees
• legislative affairs, nationalities, agriculture
  rural, foreign affairs, etc.

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National Peoples Congress

• NPC plenary sessions
• meet annually in Beijing
• for about 2 weeks
• the nearly 3,000 deputies are elected
• for 5-year terms
• by provincial-level peoples congresses

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Constitutional Amendments

• 1999
• rule of law
• 2004
• private property right
• human rights

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Chinas Judicial System
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Instrumentalism

• Mao Zedong era (1949 1976)
• law as a tool of the proletariat dictatorship
• Reform era (1979 - present)
• economic development and Party legitimacy
• social order and stability
• rule by law
• political-legal system of the Party
• the principle of flexibility

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Democracy Movements

• 1978 1979
• Democracy Wall movement
• 1988 1989
• Tiananmen
• 1998 1999
• China Democracy Party

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FaLunGong
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Falun Dafa

• Falun
• high-power material that turns 24 hours a day
• Truthfulness
• Benevolence
• Forbearance
• use all kinds of means to eradicate evil
• organization