70 Cities Named After Alexander; 50 Named Alexandria

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70 Cities Named After Alexander 50 Named
Alexandria
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Section 5The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

• Conquered cities adopted Greek customs

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Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria

• Greek Hellenic
• Blending of cultures became known as Hellenistic
  culture
• Koine (koy NAY) meaning common, a Greek dialect,
  became the language spoken

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Trade and Cultural Diversity

• Alexandria became the center of commerce and
  Hellenistic civilization

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Alexandrias Attractions

• Everyone admired its beauty
• Most well known for its museum and library

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Science and Technology
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Astronomy

• Aristarchus made two conclusions
• 1. Sun at least 300 xs bigger than the Earth
• It was thought the sun was smaller than Greece

• 2. Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
• This wasnt accepted because Ptolemy put the
  earth at the center of the solar system

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Astronomy Cont.d

• Eratosthenes estimated the Earths true size

                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
Eratosthenes Measurement of the Size of the Earth
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Mathematics and Physics

• Euclid mathematician who wrote Elements
• Basis for geometry

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Mathematics and Physics Cont.d

• Archimedes
• Studied value of pi
• Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
  diameter
• Invented the Archimedes screw

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Philosophy and Art

• Philosophers became concerned with how people
  should live their lives.
• Stoicism and Epicureanism develop

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Stoicism

• Founder Zeno
• Believed people should live virtuous lives in
  harmony with the will of God or the natural laws
  that God established to run the universe
• Human desires, power and wealth were dangerous
  distractions that should be checked.

• Promoted social unity and encouraged followers to
  focus on what they could control

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Epicureanism

• Founder Epicurus
• God had no interest in humans. Humans ruled the
  universe
• Only real objects were those that the five senses
  perceived
• Greatest good and highest pleasure came from
  virtuous conduct and the absence of pain
• Main goal harmony of body and mind

• Today it means a person devoted to pursuing human
  pleasures, especially the enjoyment of good food

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Realism in Sculpture

• Largest sculpture created on the island of Rhodes
• Colossus of Rhodes

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Realism in Sculpture Continued

• Nike of Samothrace
• Hellenistic sculptor, more realistic
• 150 B.C. Hellenistic world declining
• Rome was growing