Chapter Nine

1
Chapter Nine

• Lesson Four
• Alexander the Great

2
Alexanders Conquest

• King of Macedonia
• Invaded Persian Empire
• Battle of Plain of Issus in Syria-he ordered his
  army to attack even thought Persian army was much
  stronger
• Persians fled in terror
• Alexander then conquered Syria and Phoenicia

3
Alexanders Conquest

• He invaded Egypt which had been ruled by Persians
  for 200 years
• He was crowned as a pharaoh after all of these
  victories.
• Pharaoh-is in Ancient Egypt-a God-king

4
A Great Empire

• Alexander defeated the Persians again.
• He took his army through the rugged mountains of
  India
• They marched for 5 years until they were
  exhausted
• Tried to march to Greece but he became ill and
  died at age 33.

5
A Great Empire

• While Alexander was King for 13 years he
• Created a large empire in Europe, Asia, and
  Africa.
• Founded many new cities
• He spread Greek cultured and adopted Asian ways
• Hellenistic Age-blend of Greek and Asian
  cultures.
• Hellas-Greeks name for their country

6
The Hellenistic Age

• Three of Alexanders generals divided the empires
  among themselves after his death
• Hellenistic culture expanded to a large part of
  Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia
• Greek cities were founded in these areas and the
  people followed many of the Greek customs
• Example-many read Homer

7
The Hellenistic Age

• Alexandria-city founded by Alexander in Egypt
• Became greatest center for trade and learning
• Population was more than a million
• Busiest harbor
• The library was considered one of the greatest in
  the world.

8
Discovery and Invention

• Science and mathematics at a peak during this
  time
• Hippocrates-doctor that looked at natural causes
  for diseases
• Called father of medicine
• Doctors today make an oath to heal called the
  Hippocratic Oath
• He stressed the importance of diet and a
  lifestyle of good health.

9
Discovery and Invention

• Archimedes-most famous inventor of the time.
• Also a mathematician
• Improved pulleys for moving heavy loads
• Screw that carries water
• Described how levers worked
• Said, Give me a place to stand and I will move
  the Earth.

10
Discovery and Invention

• Pythagoras-created theories about numbers and
  music
• Started a school that led to the development of
  mathematical field of geometry
• Euclid-most important mathematician of the time.
• Worked out the system of plane geometry that
  students still study today.