Vocabulary Review

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Vocabulary Review

• Ch 22 Humans and the Environment

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The study of the interaction between humans and
their own environment.
Environmental science
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Earths rock interior that extends from the
molten center of the planets core to the solid
surface of its crust
Geosphere
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The portion of Earth that is water, including all
oceans, lakes, and rivers
Hydrosphere
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The mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
above the hydrosphere and geosphere
Atmosphere
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The part of the Earth where life exists
Biosphere
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The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15
to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar
radiation
Ozone layer
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The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere
of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and
reradiate infrared radiation
Greenhouse effect
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The variety of organisms considered at all
levels, from populations to ecosystems
Biodiversity
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An index that combines the number and relative
abundance of different species in a community
Species diversity
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The amount of variation in the genetic material
within all members of a population
Genetic diversity
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Substances that cause unintended harm in air,
water, or soil
Pollution
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Water vapor mixed with chemicals that result from
human activities
Smog
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A type of hydrocarbon in which some or all of the
hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine and
fluorine used in coolants for refrigerators and
air conditioners and in cleaning solvents
Chlorofluorocarbon
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The accumulation of increasingly large amounts of
toxic substances within each successive link of
the food chain
Biological Magnification
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Precipitation, such as rain, sleet, snow, that
contains a high concentration of acids, often
because of the pollution of the atmosphere
Acid precipitation
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The death of every member of a species
Extinction
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A species that is critical to the functioning of
the ecosystem in which it lives because it
affects the survival in its community
Keystone species
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The condition in which human needs are met in
such a way that a human population can survive
indefinitely
Sustainability
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A branch of biology that is the study of the
management of natural resources and the
preservation of biodiversity
Conservation biology
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The science of rehabilitating, replacing, or
acquiring the equivalent of any natural resources
that have been injured, destroyed, or lost
Restoration biology
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A species that is especially sensitive to
ecological change and thus can serve as an
indicator of environmental conditions
Bioindicator
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Region of the biosphere that has been identified
by conservationists as having high species
diversity and as being highly threatened by human
Biodiversity hotspot
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A form of tourism that supports the conservation
and sustainable development of ecologically
unique areas
Ecotourism
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The study of ecology in areas that are densely
populated by humans
Urban ecology