Consultative Committee Meeting on

1
Consultative Committee Meeting on
PMKSY-CAD- SPRINKLER DRIP PROMOTION
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT
AND GANGA REJUVENATIONKHAJURAHO, MP

2
Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised

• Ultimate irrigation potential (UIP) of the
  country is 140 Mha, out of which 114 Mha of has
  been created (IPC) and irrigation potential of 88
  Mha has utilised (IPU) as per then Planning
  Commission upto March, 2012. As per Ministry of
  Agriculture, IPU is about 65 Mha.
• 60 of the irrigation is covered under ground
  water resources and a large section of the
  farmers are dependent on ground water for
  agriculture.
• Therefore, it is important to bridge the gap of
  IPC and IPU and promotion of water saving
  techniques like drip/sprinkler irrigation
  systems.

3
IPU under CADWM programme
Plan Period Irrigation Potential Utilized (Mha)
Upto VIII Plan 13.95
IX Plan 1.80
X Plan 2.31
XI Plan 2.08
XII Plan 0.66
Total 20.8
4
Progress made by the States

• Some States have achieved very good progress
  under CADWM
• States like Haryana, Punjab, Tamil Nadu which
  have developed /utilised Irrigation Potential has
  shown higher GDP
• Similarly, Madhya Pradesh has achieved miraculous
  progress in optimization of water resources
• Land under cultivation rose 21 in 10 years to
  2012-13
• States GDP has grown more than 9 points
  consistently since 2009-10 agri growth gt20 in
  these years

5
Progress made by the States

• Madhya Pradesh
• Contribution of agri to GDP 27.5 up 5 points
• Agri growth 24.99 in 2013-14 India 4.9 State
  becomes 2nd largest producer of food grains after
  UP
• Irrigated area increased to 27.5 lakh ha from
  7.54 lakh ha.
• Impact assessment by IIM, Indore shows-
• Areas under micro-irrigation systems/scheme
  showed 30 higher yield for potato, onion, garlic
  and bananas 20 for other crops, while farmers
  used 50 less water.

6
Objective CADWM programme

• Centrally Sponsored Command Area Development
  (CAD) Programme was launched in 1974-75
• for development of adequate delivery system of
  irrigation water up to farmers field with an
  objective
• to bridge the gap between potential created and
  utilised and
• to enhance water use efficiency and production
  and productivity of crops per unit of land and
  water
• for improving socio-economic condition of
  farmers.
• The programme envisages integration of all
  activities relating to irrigated agriculture in a
  coordinated manner with multi-disciplinary team
  under a Command Area Development Authority

7
CAD - Brief History

• CAD programme was initially started in the
  Ministry of Agriculture and was transferred to
  Ministry of Water Resources in the early
  eighties.
• The programme has been modified from time to time
  as per requirements felt during its
  implementation.
• Reclamation of waterlogged areas was added as a
  component w.e.f. 01.04.1996.
• CAD Programme was restructured as Command Area
  Development and Water Management (CADWM)
  Programme w.e.f. 01.04.2004.
• The scheme was being implemented as a State
  Sector Scheme during the XI Five Year Plan
  (2008-09 to 2011-12).
• The programme is being implemented pari-passu
  with Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme
  (AIBP) during XII Plan.

8
Components under CAD Programme

• Survey, Planning and Design of On-Farm
  Development (OFD) works
• OFD Works (comprising construction of field
  channels, micro-irrigation, land leveling where
  necessary)
• Construction of Field, Intermediate and Link
  Drains
• Reclamation of Waterlogged Areas (surface
  sub-surface)
• Correction of System Deficiencies in canals
  between outlet upto 4.25 cumec (150 cusec)
  capacity
• Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)-One
  time functional grants and One time
  infrastructure grant to Water Users
  Associations
• One time infrastructure grant to WALMIs/IMTIs

9
Components under CAD Programme Contd

• Training of Functionaries of CADAs and Farmers
• Adaptive Trials and Demonstrations (including on
  micro-irrigation, land leveling, water use
  efficiency) on farmers field for promotion of
  improved practices
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Establishment- limited to 10 of the works
  carried out for OFD Works, Field Drains,
  Reclamation of Water Logged Area Correction of
  System Deficiency.

10
CAD - Financial Achievements

• The continuation of CADWM scheme with an outlay
  of Rs.15000 crore during XII Plan has been
  accorded in September, 2013.
• An amount of about Rs.6140 crore has been
  released to States as Central Assistance under
  the CAD Programme since its inception in 1974-75
  upto July, 2015.
• Out of total, about Rs.931 crore has been
  released during the period from 2012-13 to
  2015-16 (July, 2015)

11
Cad - Physical Progress

• Active on-going projects spread across the 29
  States of the country carried over from XI Plan
  and new projects included during XII Plan as on
  31.3.2015 are 142, including 24 new projects
  included during XII Plan.
• 219 projects have been completed under CAD
  programme
• On-Farm Development (OFD) works comprise
  construction of field channels etc. An area of
  about 20.8 Mha has been covered under OFD works
  since inception up to end of March, 2014.
• Under reclamation of water logged areas, 823
  schemes of 9 states, namely, Bihar, Gujarat,
  Madhya Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Karnataka,
  Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh
  have been approved for reclamation of 122.532
  th.ha. of water logged areas. An area about
  78.278 th.ha. has been reclaimed by these States
  upto March, 2014.

12
CAD - Physical Progress Contd

• To promote participatory approach, a functional
  grant is provided to the Water Users
  Associations (WUAs) to operate and maintain the
  irrigation system in their jurisdiction. So far,
  84779 WUAs have been formed in various States
  covering an area of 17.842 M.ha.
• Under the component of correct ion system
  deficiencies, 129 schemes of 6 states namely
  Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur,
  Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu approved for Correction
  of System Deficiency of 315.275 Th. ha. area. An
  area of about 211.9 Th. ha. reported to be
  covered by these States upto March, 2014.
• During XII Plan, assistance is being provided for
  development of infrastructure to facilitate use
  of sprinkler/drip irrigation systems as an
  alternative to construction of field channels and
  at least 10 of CCA of each project is to be
  covered under micro-irrigation.

13
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) -
Introduction

• PMKSY has been approved with an indicative
  outlay of Rs.50000 crore over a period of five
  years from 2015-16 to 2019-20
• to ensure access to some means of protective
  irrigation to all agricultural farms (Har Khet Ko
  Pani) in the country,
• to produce per drop more crop, thus bringing
  much desired rural prosperity.
• The programme is an amalgamation of on-going
  schemes of Ministry of Water Resources, River
  Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of
  Agriculture Cooperation and Ministry of Rural
  Development.

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PMKSY - Convergence

• PMKSY will also seek convergence of
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
  Guarantee Scheme (MGNRES),
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY),
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and Rural
  Electrification programmes (JLNNSMREP),
• Rural Infrastructure development Fund (RIDF),
• Member of Parliament Local Area Development
  Scheme (MPLAD),
• Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area
  Development Scheme (MPLALAD),
• Local body funds (LBF),
• Working Plan of State Forest Department (WPSFD)
  etc.

15
PMKSY - Objectives

• The Prime objective of PMKSY is to increase
  agricultural production and productivity and to
  enhance farm income. Other social, technical and
  economic objectives include
• convergence of investments in irrigation at the
  field level,
• enhancing access to water on farm,
• expand cultivable area under assured irrigation,
• integration of water source, distribution and its
  efficient use through appropriate technologies,
• enhance on-farm WUE spatially and temporally to
  reduce wastage, and increase availability,
• promote precision irrigation (sprinkler, drip,
  etc.),
• enhance recharge of aquifers for sustainable
  conservation,
• promote rain-fed integrated areas development
  from ground water with supported livelihood
  options,
• promote agriculture extension and support,
• explore feasibility for re-use of treated
  municipal waste in commands, and
• attracting private investments.
• .

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PMKSY - Components

• Four Schemes of MoWR,RDGR are proposed under
  PMKSY, such as
• AIBP, PMKSY(Har Khet Ko Pani),
• PMKSY (per drop more crop) and
• PMKSY (watershed development)
• AIBP Main focus on AIBP would be faster
  completion of ongoing major, medium irrigation
  (MMI) projects including National projects.
• PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani) Its aim is to harness
  all possibilities to facilitate and provide
  assured irrigation supplies to each farm. The
  schemes include (i) new minor irrigation schemes,
  (ii) repair, renovation and restoration (RRR) of
  water bodies, (iii) Command Area Development
  (CAD), (iv) groundwater development in potential
  areas, (v) diversion schemes from plenty to
  scarce areas, (vi) creating and reviving water
  tanks, pond etc

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PMKSY Components, Contd.. .

• PMKSY (per drop more crop) Its aim is to promote
  micro irrigation (sprinkle, drip, pivots,
  rain-guns). Possible candidates reported are
  District level schemes with annual plan approval,
  (ii) Micro irrigation schemes under MGNREGS,
  (iii) micro level ground water schemes under
  MGNREGS, (iv) Storage including canal storages
  for tail-ends of canals, and (v) water lifting
  devises like diesel/electric/ solar pump sets
  with water carriage pipes).
• PMKSY (watershed development) Its aim is to
  promote rural development, forest conservation,
  and drought prone area programs including rain
  fed area programs such as IWMP of NRAA/MoRD.

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PMKSY Components, Contd..
Planning and implementation of PMKSY

• District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the
  cornerstone for planning and implementation of
  PMKSY.
• State level and District level plans irrigation
  planning for all converged schemes would be
  formulated.
• District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) were earlier
  prepared under RKVY.
• Irrigation Plans are proposed to fill the gaps in
  DAPs.
• A holistic approach to irrigation planning and
  implementation is suggested at block, district
  and state level.

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PMKSY Cost Norm Pattern of Assistance

• Technical requirements / standards, pattern of
  assistance etc. for activities of respective
  components like AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Pani),
  PMKSY (Per drop more crop) and PMKSY (Watershed
  Development) will be as per the existing
  guidelines of the respective Ministries/Department
  s or as per revised norms including that of
  additional activities introduced, to be issued by
  the respective ministries/departments with the
  approval of concerned Union Minister.
•  PMKSY funds will be provided to the State
  Governments as per the pattern of assistance of
  Centrally Sponsored Schemes decided by Ministry
  of Finance and NITI Aayog.
• During 2015-16, existing pattern of assistance of
  ongoing schemes will be continued.
• Operational guidelines are in the website of
  Ministry of Agriculture.

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PMKSY Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation

• One of the main objectives of PMKSY is
  improvement of on-farm water use efficiency to
  reduce wastage and increase availability both in
  duration and extent.
• To accomplish this objective, enhancement for
  adoption of precision-irrigation and other water
  saving technologies (More crop per drop) are to
  be promoted with efficient water conveyance and
  field application devices within the farm viz,
  underground piping system, Drip Sprinklers,
  pivots, rain-guns and other application devices
  etc.
•  Construction of micro irrigation structures are
  proposed to supplement source creation activities
  including tube wells and dug wells (in areas
  where ground water is available and not under
  semi critical /critical /over exploited category
  of development) which are not supported under
  AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani), PMKSY (Watershed)
  and MGNREGS as per block/district irrigation
  plan.

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PMKSY Status of the programme

• The operational guidelines of PMKSY approved by
  the Honble Agriculture Minister have been
  circulated.
• The preparation of DIP and SIP has been
  initiated. As existing pattern of assistance of
  ongoing schemes will be continued during 2015-16,
  the process for implementation as per existing
  scheme guidelines has been initiated.
• A meeting regarding implementation of Pradhan
  Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) during
  2015-16, was held on 06/08/2015 at New Delhi
  under the Chairmanship of Secretary (MoWR,RDGR)
  and Principal Secretaries of 14 State
  Governments.

22
Drip Sprnkler Irrigation Systems

• Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation saves
  water and fertilizer, allowing water to drip
  slowly to the roots of plants through a network
  of bulbs, pipes, tube wells and emitters.
• Modern drip sprinkler irrigation systems have
  proved that yield of crops increases upto 70 as
  compared to convention flow irrigation systems.
• Adoption of modern irrigation systems also
  results in water savings upto 50, fertilizer
  such as utilization of difficult terrain,
  maintenance of soil health, use of degraded/water
  logged areas, are rendered feasible by
  technological interventions.

23
Drip Irrigation Systems

• Modern drip irrigation has become the world's
  most valued innovation in agriculture since the
  invention of the impact sprinkler , which offered
  the first practical alternative to surface
  irrigation.
• Drip irrigation may also use devices called
  micro-spray heads, which spray water in a small
  area, instead of dripping emitters. These are
  generally used on tree and vine crops with wider
  root zones.
• Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) uses permanently
  or temporarily buried dripperline or drip tape
  located at or below the plant roots.
• It is becoming popular for row crop irrigation,
  especially in areas where water supplies are
  limited or recycled water is used for irrigation
• The pros are less loss of Fertilizer and nutrient
  due to localized application and reduced
  leaching, high Water application efficiency and
  the main cons are high initial cost and probable
  clogging of pipes, if water is not filtered and
  lack of maintenance

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Drip Irrigation Systems- Comparison with
Traditional Systems

• Water Saving and Yield Increase under Drip
  Irrigation Systems for some crops

Sl. No. Name of Crop Water Saving () Yield Increase ()
1 Cauliflower 30-40 50-60
2 Cabbage 25-35 60-70
3 Potato 25-35 55-65
4 Tomato 30-50 55-75
5 Bhindi 30-45 40-50
6 Brinjal 25-35 50-70
7 Rice 30-40 105-145
8 Wheat 20-25 88-110
Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, JK Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, JK Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, JK Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, JK
25
Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

• Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying
  irrigation water which is similar to rainfall.
  Water is distributed through a system of pipes
  usually by pumping.
• It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated
  entire soil surface through spray heads so that
  it breaks up into small water drops which fall to
  the ground.
• Sprinklers provide efficient coverage for small
  to large areas and are suitable for use on all
  types of properties.
• It is also adaptable to nearly all irrigable
  soils since sprinklers are available in a wide
  range of discharge capacity.
• The pros of the system Applicable to all types
  of surfaces, doesnt require any type of land
  leveling or resurfacing, and the main cons are
  High cost and maintenance, with regard to crop
  sensitivity due to salt accumulation of leaves,
  affect of wind etc.

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Sprinkler Irrigation Systems- Comparison with
Traditional Systems

• Water Saving and Yield Increase under Sprinkler
  Irrigation Systems for some crops

Sl. No. Name of Crop Water Saving () Yield Increase ()
1 Bhindi 37 25
2 Chilli 40 26
3 Onion 41 25
4 Cauliflower 41 24
5 Wheat 42 27
Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Source Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India
Name of State Drip (Area in th.ha) Drip (Area in th.ha) Drip (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha)
Name of State Pot Actual age Pot Actual age Pot Actual age
Andhra Pradesh 730 363.07 49.74 387 200.95 51.93 1117 564.02 50.49
Bihar 142 0.16 0.11 1708 0.21 0.01 1580 0.37 0.02
Chhatisgarh 22 3.65 16.59 189 59.27 31.36 211 62.92 29.82
Goa 10 0.76 7.60 1 0.33 33.00 11 1.09 9.91
Gujarat 1599 169.69 10.61 1679 136.28 8.12 3278 305.97 9.33
Haryana 398 7.14 1.79 1992 518.37 26.02 2390 525.51 21.99
Himachal Pradesh 14 0.12 0.86 101 0.58 0.57 115 0.70 0.61
Jharkhand 43 0.13 0.30 114 0.37 0.32 157 0.50 0.32
Karnataka 745 177.33 23.80 697 228.62 32.80 1442 405.95 28.15
Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity
28
Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India
Name of State Drip (Area in th.ha) Drip (Area in th.ha) Drip (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Sprinkler (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha) Total (Area in th.ha)
Name of State Pot Actual age Pot Actual age Pot Actual age
Kerala 179 14.12 7.89 35 2.52 7.20 214 16.64 7.78
Madhya Pradesh 1376 20.43 1.48 5015 117.69 2.35 6391 138.12 2.16
Maharashtra 1116 482.34 43.22 1598 214.67 13.43 2714 697.01 25.68
Nagaland 11 0 0.00 42 3.96 9.43 53 3.96 7.47
Orissa 157 3.63 2.31 62 23.47 37.85 219 27.10 12.37
Punjab 559 11.73 2.10 2819 10.51 0.37 3378 22.24 0.66
Rajasthan 727 17 2.34 4931 706.81 14.33 5658 723.81 12.79
Tamil Nadu 544 131.24 24.13 158 27.19 17.21 702 158.43 22.57
Uttar Pradesh 2207 10.68 0.48 8582 10.59 0.12 10789 21.27 0.20
West Bengal 952 0.15 0.022 280 150.03 53.58 1232 150.18 12.19
Others 128 15 11.72 188 30.00 15.96 316 45.00 14.24
Total 11659 1428.46 12.25 30578 2442.42 7.99 42237 3870.88 9.16
Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity Source Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity
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Comparison of Cost Benefit Ratio for Canal
Irrigation and Micro-irrigation
Sl. No. Parameter Traditional (piped On Farm flow) System Micro-irrigation (piping network On Farm Drip irrigation)
1 Project Area (Acre) 2009 2009
2 Project Cost (Rs. Million) 275.1 364.0
3 Project Cost (Rs. /Acre) 1,36,817 1,81,042
4 Irrigation Efficiency 57 86
5 Water Required, Mm3 17.97 11.91
6 Anticipated Crop Yield as per Project cropping pattern, MT 60,317 1,20,635
7 Water Use Efficiency, Kg/m3 3.36 10.13
8 Expected Gross Income, Rs. Million 50.2 158.7
9 Net Income, Rs./Acre 24,980 78,938
10 Value Creation Efficiency, Rs./m3 2.79 13.32
30
Level of Efficiencies from Different Types of
Irrigation
Factors Sprinkler Irrigation System Drip Irrigation Surface Irrigation
Overall irrigation efficiency 50-60 80-90 30-35
Application efficiency 70-80 90 60-70
Water saving 30 60-70 NA
Source Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal Source Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal Source Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal Source Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
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Micro-Irrigation in Sanchore, Rajasthan

• Sprinkler Irrigation has been made mandatory
  under Narmada Canal Project in Sanchore district,
  Rajasthan, for utilisation of Narmada Water
  allocated to Rajasthan to Reduce chances of water
  logging, Conjunctive use of surface water and
  ground water. The System has led to
• Reduction in water allowance and will result in
  reduction in depleting water table
• Introduction of Kharif crop area (about 20),
  which in turn will reduce ground water table (in
  addition to bio-drainage)
• Controlled water supply from single source to the
  farmers by volumetric measurement through
  pipelines
• Increase of original command of 1.31 lakh ha. to
  2.46 lakh ha. by adopting a combination of flow
  and sprinkler
• 125 villages of Jalore and 108 villages of Barmer
  to be brought under irrigation, 874 villages of
  Sanchore, Bhinmal Jalore and 667 villages of
  Barmer district are to be benefitted for drinking
  water
• More than 80 of physical target ( to cover 2.46
  lakh ha) for approaching through sprinkler
  irrigation of this unique project has already
  been achieved.

32
Micro-Irrigation Systems
33
Thanks