The Chemist

1
Exploring the Periodic Table

• The Chemists Calendar
• Presented by
• Sunni Bauers
• www.chemicalelements.com

2
Development of the Periodic Table

• In the 1880s a Russian scientist, Dmitri
  Mendeleev, saw a hidden pattern in the elements.
  Mendeleev noticed that patterns appeared when the
  elements were arranged in order of increasing
  atomic mass. He realized that groups of elements
  had similar chemical and physical properties. He
  arranged the the elements according to
  increasing atomic mass and grouped the elements
  according to their properties. Todays Periodic
  Table is now arranged according to increasing
  atomic number, otherwise its the same as
  Mendeleevs.

3
Reading the Periodic Table

• The periodic table contains over 100 squares,
• one separate square for each element. Each
  square
• includes the elements atomic number, chemical
• symbol, name, and atomic mass.

4
Inside the Squares

• Reading the Squares
• The square for Lithium
• Lithium - Elements Name
• 3 - Elements Atomic Number ( of protons
  and electrons)
• Li - Elements Symbol (one or two letters)
• 6.941 - Elements Atomic Mass ( of protons and
  neutrons)

5
Organizing the Periodic Table

• The main body of the periodic table is
  arranged into eighteen vertical columns and seven
  horizontal rows. The elements in a column are
  called a group or a family. The elements in each
  group have similar characteristics.
• Each horizontal row across the table is
  called a period. The elements in each period are
  not alike in properties. As you move across a
  period, the elements change properties gradually
  and predictably.

6
Characteristics of the Types of Elements

• Metals - hardness, shininess, malleability, and
  ductility
• Nonmetals - dull, brittle, and poor conductors of
  heat and electricity
• Metalloids - some of the characteristics of
  metals and some of the characteristics of
  nonmetals

7
Sections of The Periodic Table

• Representative Elements - Groups 1 2 and
• the elements in Groups 13 - 18.
• Transition Elements - Groups 3 - 12

8
Representative Elements

• The Alkali Metals - Group 1 - most reactive
  elements
• Alkaline Earth Metals - Group 2 - less reactive
  than Group 1
• Groups 13 - 18 - Contains metals, nonmetals, and
  metalloids

9
Transition Elements

• All Metals
• Groups 2 - 12
• Uses of the some of the transition elements
• iron, cobalt, and nickel - magnetic properties
• silver - photography
• copper - plumbing pipes
• silver and gold - jewelry
• chromium - used to make brightly colored paints
• californium - used to kill cancer cells
• americium - used in home smoke detectors

10
Comprehension Questions

• 1. How did Mendeleev organize the elements
• in his periodic table?
• 2. What are the two sections of the Periodic
  Table?
• 3. What does each square of the elements on the
• Periodic Table include?
• 4. What is one characteristic of metals? of
• nonmetals? of metalloids?
• 5. The Representative Elements consists of which
• groups?
• 6. The Transition Elements consists of which
• groups?

11
Works Cited

• www.chemicalelements.com

www.chemistry.co.nz/mendeleev.