DNA

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Friday, January 21, 2011

• Objective Students will be able to relate the
  concept of the gene to the sequence of
  nucleotides in DNA.
• Bellringer
• How does the structure of DNA enable (allow) it
  to reproduce itself accurately?

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4 Minutes Remaining
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Friday, January 21, 2011

• Objective Students will be able to relate the
  concept of the gene to the sequence of
  nucleotides in DNA.
• Bellringer
• How does the structure of DNA enable (allow) it
  to reproduce itself accurately?

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3 Minutes Remaining
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Friday,January 21, 2011 last chance to view BR
- 1 min

• Objective Students will be able to relate the
  concept of the gene to the sequence of
  nucleotides in DNA.
• Bellringer
• How does the structure of DNA enable (allow) it
  to reproduce itself accurately?

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2 Minutes Remaining
and you think you look weird when you sneeze
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30 Seconds Remaining
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Turn In Your Bellringer!
THE END
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VOCABULARY REVIEW

• Carbon ring structure contains 1 Nitrogen,
  includes G, A, C, T
• Subunit of nucleic acid
• This purine base pairs with Thymine
• Deoxyribonucleic acid contains genes
• This pyrimidine base pairs with Adenine
• DNA is copied
• This purine base pairs with Cytosine
• This pyrimidine base pairs with Guanine
• 2 strands of DNA twisted together
• Double-ringed Nitrogenous bases (A,G)
• Single-ringed Nitrogenous bases (T,C)
• Ribonucleic acid mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
• Process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a
  sequence of DNA
• Process of assembling polypeptides from
  information encoded in mRNA
• In RNA, nitrogenous base that replaces Thymine .
  This base pairs with Adenine in RNA

1. DNA
2. Nitrogenous base
3. Double helix
4. DNA replication
5. Nucleotide
6. Purines
7. Pyrimidines
8. Guanine (G)
9. Adenine (A)
10. Cytosine (C)
11. Thymine (T)
12. RNA
13. Translation
14. Transcription
15. Uracil

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Transcription can be explained easily in 4 or 5
simple steps, each moving like a wave along the
DNA. 1.DNA unwinds/"unzips" as the Hydrogen Bonds
Break. 2.The free nucleotides of the RNA, pair
with complementary DNA bases. 3.RNA
sugar-phosphate backbone forms. (Aided by RNA
Polymerase.) 4.Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted
RNADNA "ladder" break, freeing the new RNA.
5.If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is further
processed and then moves through the small
nuclear pores to the cytoplasm.
Translation Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus
through pores inn the nuclear membrane. The mRNA
then migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol , the
site of protein synthesis.
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Identify the structures.
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DNA
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DNA

• Base pairs
• A T
• C G
• Held together by hydrogen bonds (weak)
• Secured to a sugar-phosphate backbone

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Molecular view of the nucleotides
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DNA in many views (molecular, organic chemistry
biological)
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DNA Replication Facts

• Goal
• DNA is copied.
• Steps
• Double helix unwinds
• DNA unzips
• Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of
  zipper to form new DNA strand

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DNA REPLICATION IS NOT THE SAME AS PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS !!!
DNA Replication new copy of DNAProtein
Synthesis protein created (amino acid)
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Key players in creating protein

• 1. DNA - contains directions
• 2. mRNA - carries directions from nucleus
  through cytoplasm to the ribosome
• 4. tRNA - delivers amino acid to ribosome for
  assembly into a protein

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Protein Synthesis
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Transcription occurs in the NUCLEUS

• Steps
• Double helix unwinds
• DNA unzips
• Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of
  zipper to form a strand of mRNA

No Thymine is available in RNA, it is replaced by
URACIL (U). (No more T A U or U A)
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mRNA is read in Codons
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From the next 3 slides, pick your favorite mRNA
? amino acid chart

1. Practice the translation process and determine
   the amino acid from these mRNA sequencesUCAAAC
   CGAGUACAG

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My favorite. Time to practice

• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG GLUTAMINE

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Not my fave, but time to practice

• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG GLUTAMINE

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Just discovered this one. Time to practice

• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG

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• Practice the translation process and determine
  the amino acid from these mRNA sequences
• UCA SERINE
• AAC ASPARAGINE
• CGA ARGININE
• GUA VALINE
• CAG GLUTAMINE

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This is the BEST transcription/translation
website ever. Try IT now!

• http//learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/t
  ranscribe/

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• MAKE THE DNA REPLICATE

Original DNA
C C T
A A G
A G C
G G C
You create the new DNA
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• MAKE THE DNA REPLICATE

Original DNA
C C T
A A G
A G C
G G C
G G A T T C T C G C C G
New DNA
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• TRANSCRIBE THE DNA CODE INTO mRNA

DNA
T C G
G A C
A T C
C G T
You create the mRNA
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• TRANSCRIBE THE DNA CODE INTO mRNA

DNA
T C G
G A C
A T C
C G T
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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• USE THE mRNA CODE PROVIDED
• TO ADD THE COMPLEMENTARY tRNA

AMINO ACID ?
tRNA ?
U C G
G A C
U A C
A U C
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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• USE THE mRNA tRNA TO TRANSCRIBE THE PROTEIN
  CHAIN

AMINO ACID ?
? tRNA ?
C G U
G A C
A U C
A C G
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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• USE THE mRNA tRNA TO TRANSCRIBE THE PROTEIN
  CHAIN

AMINO ACID ?
? tRNA ?
A U C
C G U
G A C
U C G
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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• USE THE mRNA tRNA TO TRANSCRIBE THE PROTEIN
  CHAIN

? AMINO ACID
PROTEIN CHAIN ?
? tRNA
C G U
G A C
A U C
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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• USE THE mRNA tRNA TO TRANSCRIBE THE PROTEIN
  CHAIN

? AMINO ACID
PROTEIN CHAIN ?
? tRNA
C G U
A U C
A G C C U G U A G G C A
mRNA
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Review the steps of Protein Synthesis
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Translation occurs in the RIBOSOME

• Steps
• Double helix unwinds
• DNA unzips
• Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of
  zipper to form new DNA strand

• No Thymine is available in RNA, it is replaced by
  URACIL (U). (No more T A U or U A)

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Anti-Codons Translation