G

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Género, número y artículos

• Gender, number articles

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I. Género

• In Spanish, all nouns carry gender, either
  masculine (M) or feminine (F).
• In order to tell whether a noun is M or F look at
  the ending for a clue.
• Except for some irregular exceptions, the ending
  will automatically distinguish the noun as M or
  F.

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Masculino

• Words that end in following letters or letter
  groups are generally masculino (M).
• Be careful, I think many words do not follow
  this rule!

-o alumno -pa mapa -ta poeta -ma programa
-l español -n pelotón (crowd) -r dólar -e hombre (man)
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Femenina

• Words that end in following letters or letter
  groups are generally femenina (F).
• Be careful, remember -pa, -ta -ma!

-a alumna -dad actividad -tad libertad
-ión civilización -z actriz (actress)
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• Remember, these are general guidelines.
  There are some exceptions that do not follow
  these patterns.

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Ejemplos

• Are the following M or F?

• universidad
• F
• biblioteca
• F
• colegio
• M
• programa
• M

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II. Número

• Number refers to whether a noun is singular or
  plural.
• You make a noun plural by adding an s or es to
  the end of the noun.
• In some cases, other orthographic changes may be
  necessary.

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To make nouns plural, do the following

• if the word ends in a vowel, simply add
• -s to make it plural
• Ex alumno ? alumnos

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To make nouns plural, do the following

• B. if the word ends in a consonant, add -es
• Ex universidad ? universidades

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To make nouns plural, do the following

• C. if the word ends in z, the plural changes
  to -ces
• Ex lápiz ? lápices

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To make nouns plural, do the following

• D. if the word ends in ión, add -es and
  remove the written accent mark
• Ex nación ? naciones

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Examples

• colegio
• colegios
• papel
• papeles

• actriz
• actrices
• reunión
• reuniones

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III. Artículos

• There are 2 types of articles in Spanish
  English
• Definite articles
• Indefinite articles

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Artículos definidos

• What is the function of a definite article?
• A definite article refers to something specific
• What is a definite article in English?
• the

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Ejemplo

• Ex the specific boy rather than any boy.
• The boy with the red shirt on
• v.
• A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)

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Artículos definidos

• What are they in Spanish? concordancia

masculino femenina
singular el the la the
plural los the las the
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Artículos indefinidos

• What is the function of an indefinite article?
• An indefinite article refers to something in
  general
• What is an indefinite article in English?
• a, an, some

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Ejemplo

• Ex any boy rather than a specific boy.
• A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)
• v.
• The (specific) boy with the red shirt on

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Artículos indefinidos

• What are they in Spanish? concordancia

masculino femenina
singular un a, an una a, an
Plural unos some unas some
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Concordancia

• concordancia agreement
• The article that accompanies the noun must
  agree in gender AND number with that noun.

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Ejemplos

• Artículos definidos
• libro
• el
• muchachas
• las
• nación
• la

• Artículos indefinidos
• libro
• un
• muchachas
• unas
• nación
• una

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Adjetivos

• Like articles, adjectives have to agree in gender
  AND number with the noun they describe

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Ejemplos
el alumno alto la alumna alta
los alumnos altos las alumnas altas
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Número

• Adjectives follow the same rules as nouns when
  making them plural
• if the word ends in a vowel, simply add -s to
  make it plural
• if the word ends in a consonant, add -es
• if the word ends in z, the plural changes to
  -ces
• if the word ends in ión, add -es and remove
  the written accent mark

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Preguntas?