Ch 11

1
??????????
Ch 11
???????
?????????,???????? ??CC ????-????-?????? 3.0
?? ???????
2
?????????

• ?????
• ??????,????????
• ??????????????
• ??????,??????????????????

3
?????????

• ??????????????

• ????,??????????? - ???????????????

• ?????????????

• ????????? - ??????,????????????

4
??????
Tier 1 ?? ????? gtgtgtgt 24 ????? (????, ??????????)
Tier 2 ??????? gtgtgtgt 30???? (??????????)
Tier 3 ??/?? ?? gtgtgtgt 12??? (?????????????)
5
??????????

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????,????????????????,????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????,????????????

6
?????
7
(No Transcript)
8
??????????????
??????

• ???
• ????(CCL)

CCL????
??????
??
???????
9
USEPA

• ????????????????????(contaminant of emerging
  concern, CEC)?,?????????????????????????(?????????
  ????????),????????????????????????????????
• ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• CECs?????????,???????????,?????????????????

10
Emerging Evidence - US

• 2002 report from the U.S. Geological Survey5
  concludes that U.S. waterways contain
• 17alpha Ethynyl Estradiol
• Synthetic estrogen present in 16 of rivers in
  USGS study
• Median concentration 73 ng/l
• Effects at as low as 1 ng/l
• Vitellogenin production (feminization) in male
  fish
• Acetaminophen (24)
• Steroids and hormones (16)
• Diltiazem (13)
• Codeine (11)
• Antibiotics and antimicrobials (10)
• Ibuprofen (10)

(http//teleosis.org/presentations/environmental_b
urden.ppt)
11
??
????
????
??
?????
?????
???
12
(http//teleosis.org/presentations/environmental_b
urden.ppt)
13
(No Transcript)
14
??????????

• ????PPCPs???????????
• ???ppt??
• ????????? 1 ppb

?????????????(NOAEL)
?????????????(LOAEL)
15
???????????????
?? ?????
??? Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
??? Trichlosan, Technical nonylphenol isomers (t-NPs), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP)
???? ?? Acetaminophen, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, 1,4-dioxane, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamine (DEET), Oxybenzone, Caffeine, Paraben,
16
????

• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ??????????????,????,????????
• ????PPCPs??????????????????????

17
???????

• ??????????
• ????????1 ppb PPCPs ??, ???
• 3.5 ???? Valium (?????)
• 14.5 ???? Benadryl (????)
• 58 ???????(Tylenol)

?????? - ???????????!
18
???????

• ???????
• ????????????????
• ???????????
• ??????????(?????????)
• ???????
• ??????(??????)
• ???????,????????????????????

19
????????????????????
20
??????????

• ????
• ?????
• ??????????
• ??????
• ???????

Candidate list
120 contaminants

• ????
• ???????
• ?????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ?????????

Watch list
60

• ??????????
• ??
• ????
• ?????
• ?????

Priority list
30
?
Action list

• ??????????
• ??????????

21
?????????

• ?????????? 1993?03?,??????????70
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????,? 1994-2000?, 75???????????????
• ?????????????????????,?????????????
• ?????????(PPCPs)????????????????????????

22

• ??????

????(Hazard Identification) ??????
????? (Exposure Assessment)
?????? (Dose Response Assessment)
?
??????
???????
?
?
????????????
????
?????? (Risk Characterization) ???? ????? ??????
23
????(Hazard identification)

• ????????
• - ?????
• - ???????
• - ????
• ???????????(Hazard)?
• - ??????????????????
• - ?????????????

?
??
???
24
??-????(Dose-Response Assessment)

• ???????(dose)?????????????
• ????????????????

?
???????
??
25
???????????????????(Sexton et al., 1995b)

• ??? ?????????????????
• ?? ??/??????/????/?????/??
• ??/?? ????????????????
• ???? ????????????????????
• ???? ???????????????
• ???? ??????????????????
• ???? ???????????????????
• ???? ???/????????/???????/??
• ???? ???????????
• ???? ??/????????????????
• ???? ???????????

26
?????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????
???????????,??????????????????
??
????
??????
?????
??
????
???????
????
??????
?????????
?????
???
?????
????
???
?????
???
??????????
27
????(Risk Characterization)

• ???????,??????
• ????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????

????
????
??-????
????
28
???????
???? (Risk Assessment) ????????? ????????? ????
????
???? (Risk Management) 1.???????? 2.??????? ??????
? ??????
???? (Risk Communication) 1.?????? 2.???(??? ???)?
??
29
Energy Uses per Unit Volume for Water Treatment

• ????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????,??????????

30
????
????
31
????

• ?? /?????????????gt 40?
• ?????????,????????
• ????????????
• ????? vs. ????? vs. ????
• ???
• ???? vs. ???
• ???????????????

32
????????

• ???????????????????
• ??????? 1 µg/L ,???????????????
• ??????? 0.1 µg/L ,???????????? ????PPCPs
• ??????? 0.01 µg/L ,?????????????
• ?? ??? ??? ???

33
?? ???? ??/??
Wiki Katy Warner http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileTylenol_rapid_release_pills.jpg 2011/12/10 visited
Wiki http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileHolstein_cows_large.jpg2011/12/10 visited
http//www.ab.ust.hk/hseo/sftywise/200508/page4.htm 2011/12/10 visited
http//pethealthlibrary.purinacare.com/articles/swine-flu-h1n1-influenza-in-our-pets/2011/12/10 visited
http//www.criarfazergratis.com/como-fazer-maquiagem/ 2011/12/10 visited
????
34
?? ???? ??/??
Wiki Markseep http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileRoasted_coffee_beans.jpg 2011/12/10 visited
http//truthalliance.net/Archive/Images/tabid/62/galleryType/SlideShow/ItemID/170/TagID/411/Default.aspx2011/12/10 visited
http//www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2001-08-09/news/trouble-in-the-sac/2011/12/10 visited
http//www.deq.state.va.us/vpdes/Microconstituents.html 2011/12/10 visited
http//www.epa.gov/ppcp/basic2.html 2011/12/10 visited
????
35
?? ???? ??/??
https//docs.google.com/viewer?avqcacheLmGhBhRM7FkJwww.dep.state.fl.us/waste/ 2011/12/10 visited
http//ndep.nv.gov/forum/meeting08.htm 2011/12/10 visited



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