???????????????????????? Object-Oriented Programming(OOP)

1
????????????????????????Object-Oriented
Programming(OOP)
2
???????????????????????? (Object Oriented
Programming OOP)

• ???????????????????????????????????????
  (Structure Programming) ???????????
  ??????????????????? (Sequence) ,
  ????????????????????????(Decision) ???
  ????????(Loop)
• ???????????????????????? (object oriented
  programming) ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ??? Dr. Kristin Nygaard
  ??????????????????? ?????.?.1969
• ?????? OOP ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ???????????????????????????????? ???? C, C,
  java

3
Structured Programming

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????? ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????? (global variable)

4
Structured Programming

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?

5
OOP

• ??????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????? (function)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ??? ????????????? (object)
• ????????????????????????? ????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????
  ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????

6
OOP

• ??????????????????????????????

7
????????????????? Object Oriented

• ????????? 4 ????????? Object Oriented
• abstraction
• encapsulation
• modularity
• hierarchy

8
???????(Abstraction)

• Object oriented ????????????????????????????????
  Abstraction ????????
• Abstraction ????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ???
• ???????????? ????????????????? Abstraction ???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? Toyota ???? ?? 2003
  ???????????????? Abstraction

9
?????????????????(Encapsulation)

• Property ??? Operation ?????????????????????Object
  ???????????????????????????Object
  ??????????????? Interface
• Interface ??? Operation???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????Object
• Encapsulation ?????????????????????? Debug ???
  Maintenance

10
?????(Modularity)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  Reuse
• ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ???????? ????????????????????? 3 ?????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????

11
Hierarchy

• Hierarchy ??????????????????????????????????
  Abstraction ??????????????????????????? (Tree
  structure)
• Hierarchy ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????
• Hierarchy ?????????????????(perspective) ????
  ????????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????
  ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????(????????????????? ????? ???? ????????)
  ?????????? Hierarchy ?????????????

12
????(Class)

• Class ??? Abstraction ????????????????????????????
  ??????Object
• Class ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? C
• Class ?????????????????????????? C
  ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  C ?????(Primitive type)???? int char ????
  float ??????? ????????????????? Class
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ?????????????????????????? type
  ????????????????????????????????????
• Class ????????????? Data member ??? Function
  member ???? class telephone ?? phone number???
  type (tone or rotary) ???? Data member
  ???????????????????????? ????? dial answer
  hang-up ???? Function member ?????????????????????

13
????(Class)

• ???????????? Class ??????????
• Class name
• Class data members(attributes)
• Class functions (methods/operations)
• Class definition ???????????? Template
  ?????????????? Object ????????????
  ?????????????????????????? int char
• Class ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????

14
????(Class)
15
Attribute ???? Data member

• Attribute ??????????????????????Class
  ???Attribute??????????????????????????????????????
  ??Object(instance of class)
• Attribute ????????(type) ??????????????????????
  Attribute ???????? ???? Attribute ?????? integer,
  boolean,???? real

16
Operation ???? function member

• Operation ????????????Class?????????????Object
  ???? Class ????????
• Operation ?? Class ????????????????? Class
  ????????????????????????????????????????

17
Class ??? Object

• Class member function ??C ?????????? Method
• ???????????????? (define) Class
• class class_name
• int data_member//data member/attributes
• void show_member(int)//function member/methods
• ??????? define ??????????????????????(Object)???
• Class_name object_one, object_two

18
Class ??? Object

• ????????????????????????? Employee class
• Class Employee
• public
• char name64
• long employee_id
• float salary
• void show_employ(void)
• coutltltname ltltnameltltendl
• coutltltId ltltemployee_idltltendl
• coutltltSalary ltltsalaryltltendl

19
Class ??? Object

• ?????????
• Employee worker, boss, secretary
• class name class variables ( objects )
• ??? . (dot operator) ???????????(assign) Class
  data members
• ??? . (dot operator) ?????????? Class member
  functions
• ????????

20
Class ??? Object

• include ltiostream,hgt
• include ltstring.hgt
• class Employee
• public
• char name64
• long employee_id
• float salary
• void show_employ(void)
• coutltltname ltltnameltltendl
• coutltltId ltltemployee_idltltendl
• coutltltSalary ltltsalaryltltendl

21
Class ??? Object

• void main(void)
• Employee worker, boss
• strcpy(worker.name, John Doe)
• worker.employee_id1234
• worker.salary25000
• strcpy(boss.name, Happy Boss)
• boss.employee_id23456
• boss.salary100000
• worker.show_employee()
• boss.show_employee()

22
Class ??? Object

• ??? Employee class ????????? function
  ???????????????? Class definition ???????
  function ????????????????????? function
  ?????????????????????????????????? Class ???????
  ?????????????? Function definition ?????? Class
  ???
• class Employee
• public
• char name64
• long employee_id
• float salary
• void show_employ(void)

Function Prototype
23
Class ??? Object
Function Name or Method

• void Employeeshow_employ(void)
• coutltltname ltltnameltltendl
• coutltltId ltltemployee_idltltendl
• coutltltSalary ltltsalaryltltendl
• ??????????? ?????????? Function definition
  ????????? Class ????????? Class name ??? Global
  resolution operator() ??????? Function
  definition ???????????????????????
• return _type class_namefunction_name(paratmete
  rs)
• //statement

Class name
24
??????????????

• ????????????????????????????????(data members)
  ???????????????????????(method)?? C ?? 3 ???
  ???
• private Data members ??? Methods
  ?????????????????? private ???????????????????????
  ?????Class ?????????????????????? Class
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? private ???
• public????????????? Class ?????????(?????????????
  ??????????????????????????????)
• protected ?????????????????????? Class ???
  Sub-class ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? protected ???

25
??????????????

• Information Hiding ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????????????????????????? Global
  variable.
• ??????????????(Access specifier)???
  private,public ???? protected ??????? ???????????
  
• ???????????????? Access specifier
• class some_class
• public
• int some_variable
• void initialize_private(int, float)
• void show_data
• private
• int key_value
• float key_number

Public Members
Private Members
26
??????????????

• ??????????????????? main function
• some_class object//create an object
• object.some_variable10//public data member
• object.key_value10//wrong private data member
• //syntax errors
• object.initialize_private(20, 12.345)//call
  public method
• object.show_data() )//call public method
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  data member ????????? ??????????????????? Data
  member ???? Public method(interface)

27
class
main()
object1
object2
OK
private
private
OK
OK
public
public
28
??????????????

• ????????
• includeltiostream.hgt
• includeltstring.hgt
• class employee
• public
• int assign_values(char arg_name,
• long arg_employee_id,
• float arg_salary)
• void show_employee(void)
• int change_salary(float)
• long get_id(void)
• private
• char name64
• long employee_id
• float salary

29
??????????????

• int employeeassign_values(char emp_name,
• long emp_id,
• float emp_salary)
• strcpy(name, emp_name)
• employee_idemp_id
• if( emp_salarylt50000.0)
• salaryemp_salary
• return (0)//sucessful
• else
• return (-1)//invalid salary

30
??????????????

• void employeeshow_employee(void)
• coutltlt Employee ltltnameltltendl
• coutltlt Id ltltemployee_idltltendl
• coutltlt Salary ltltsalaryltltendl
• int employeechange_salary(float new_salary)
• if( new_salarylt50000.0)
• salarynew_salary
• return (0)
• else
• return (-1)

31

• long employeeget_id(void)
• return (employee_id)
• int main(void)
• employee worker
• if( worker.assign_values(Jim Fish,101,10101.0)
  0)
• coutltlt Employee values assigned ltltendl
• worker.show_employee()
• if( worker.change_salary(35000.0)0)
• coutltlt New salary assigned ltltendl
• worker.show_employee()
• else
• coutltlt Invalid salary specified ltltendl
• return 0

32
??????????????

• ?????? (global resolution operator)
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• Method ??????????????????????? public access
  ??????
• C ????????(default) data member ??? method ????
  private

33
Constructor ??? Destructor

• Constructor ???? Class method ??????????????????
  Class????? ????????????????????????????????
  Object
• ??????????? Constructor ??????????????????????????
  ? Data members
• ???????????????????????Constructor
  Compiler?????Constructor ??????????? Default
  constructor
• ???????????????? Constructor ?????? Class
  employee

34
Constructor ??? Destructor

• class employee
• public
• employee(char, long, float)//constructor (no
  return type)
• void show_employee(void)
• int change_salary(float)
• long get_id(void)
• private
• char name64
• long employee_id
• float salary

35
Constructor ??? Destructor

• employeeemployee(char name,long
  employee_id,float salary)
• strcpy(employeename, name)
• employeeemployee_id employee_id
• if( salarylt50000)
• employeesalarysalary
• else
• employeesalary0.0//invalid salary specified

36
Constructor ??? Destructor

• void employeeshow_employee(void)
• coutltlt Employee ltltnameltltendl
• coutltlt Id ltltemployee_idltltendl
• coutltlt Salary ltltsalaryltltendl
• int main(void)
• employee worker(Jim Jones, 101,10000.0)//const
  ructor //????????
• worker.show_employee()

37
Constructor ??? Destructor

• ???????????? Constructor ???????? return
  ???????????????? void ??????? Constructor
• ???????? Object ??? Class employee ???? worker
  ????? initial ????????? Data members name,
  employee_id ??? salary
• Constructor ??? Class employee ?????????????????

38
Constructor ??? Destructor

• ??? Overloading constructor ?????????????????
  Constructor ?????????????????? Constuctor????????
  ?? Parameter ??????????????
• 1.employee(char, long, float)
• 2.employee(char, long)
• ?????????????????? Object
• employee worker(Jim Jones, 101,10000.0)
• Constructor ??????? 1 ??????????
• employee worker(Jim Jones, 101)
• Constructor ??????? 2 ??????????

39
Constructor ??? Destructor

• Destructor function ?????????????????????(free
  up/clean) Object ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????? Object
• Desctructor function ?????????????? Class
  ???????????????? (tilde) ??????
• ???????? Destructor
• class_name(void)
• //function statement

40
Constructor ??? Destructor

• employeeemployee(void)
• coutltlt Destroying the object for ltltnameltltendl
• ????? run ????????????(?????? main function)
  Destructor ??????????
• ???????????????????? Dynamic allocate memory ??
  Object ??????????? Code ?????????????(release)
  Memory

41
Static function ??? data members

• ?????????????????Object Object???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? Data member(s)
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ????????(share)????????? Object
  ?????????????????????????????? static ???????
  type ??? Data member ????????????
• private
• static int shared_valued
• ?????????????????????? ??????????????
• int class_nameshared_valued

42
Static function ??? data members

• ????????
• class book_series
• public
• book_series(char, char, float)
• void show_book(void)
• void set_page(int)
• private
• static int page_count
• char title64
• char author64
• float price

43
Static function ??? data members

• int book_seriespage_count
• void book_seriesset_pages(int pages)
• page_countpages
• book_seriesbook_series(char title,char
  author, float price)
• strcpy(book_seriestitle, title)
• strcpy(book_seriesauthor, title)
• book_seriespriceprice

44
Static function ??? data members

• void book_seriesshow_book(void)
• coutltlt Title ltlttitleltltendl
• coutltlt Author ltltauthorltltendl
• coutltlt Price ltltpriceltltendl
• coutltlt Pages ltltpage_countltltendl

45
Static function ??? data members

• int main(void)
• book_series programming(C How
  to,DD,20.0)
• book_series word(Word for window,Ant,10.0)
• word.set_pages(256)
• programming.show_book()
• word.show_book()
• coutltltendlltlt Change page count ltltendl
• programming.set_pages(500)
• programming.show_book()
• word.show_book()
• return 0

46
Static function ??? data members

• ?????????????????????????? page_count ????
  static int ?????????????? page_count member
  ?????????? Global variable ???????????????????????
  ?? page_count object?????????????????????????
• ????????? Data member ???? Method ???? static
  ?????????????????????? Method ???? initial
  ?????????????????? Object ??????????????????
  Member ??? static ????????????????????? Member
  ?????? Class ???????????? Object

47
Object ??? ????????

• ???????Object?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????Object(d
  ata member)???? ????Object???????????????
• ?????????????????Object????Object
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ????????????? return???
  ????????????????????Object????????????????????????
  ????????????????

48
Object ??? ????????

• ??????????????? object ???????????
• class airtime
• private
• int minutes
• int hours
• public
• void set()
• char dummy
• coutltlt Enter time(format 2359)
• cingtgthoursgtgtdummygtgtminutes
• void display()
• coutltlthoursltltltltsetfill(0)ltltsetw(2)ltltminute
  s

49
Object ??? ????????

• void add(airtime at1, airtime at2)
• minutesat1.minutesat2.minutes//add minutes
• hoursat1.hoursat2.hours//add hours
• if( minutesgt59 )
• minutesminutes-60
• hourshours1
• if( hoursgt23 )
• hourshours-24
• //end class definition

50
Object ??? ????????

• int main(void)
• airtime t1,t2,t3 //create 3 airtime objects
• char choice
• do
• coutltlt For t1,
• t1.set()
• coutltlt For t2,
• t2.set()
• t3.add(t1,t2)
• coutltlt t3
• t3.display()
• coutltlt Do another(y/n)?
• cingtgtchoice
• while(choice!n)

51
Object ??? ????????

• ??????????????????????? Object ??????????????????
  Object????????????????? ??????????????
• ?????????????????????? ??? Object
• ???????Object ??????????????????????????
• Employee employee_list50
• ????????????????????????? employee_list ???? 50
  ?????????????????????????? Employee

52
Object ??? ????????

• ?????????????????????????object
• int main(void)//???????????airtime
• airtime at20 // array of 20 airtime objects
• char choice
• int n0 //index
• do
• coutltlt Airtime ltltn ltlt. //get time from
  user
• atn.set() //insert in array
• coutltlt Do another(y/n)?
• cingtgtchoice
• while(choice!n)
• for(int j0jltnj) //display every time
  in the
• coutltlt \nAirtime ltltjltlt //array
• atj.display()

53
Object ??? ??????????

• ?????????????????????????????? Object
  ????????????????????? Function member ??? Object
  ????????????
• ???????????????????????? ???????? Object
• class Distance
• private
• int feet
• int inches
• public
• void getdist()
• coutltlt \nEnter feet cingtgt feet
• coutltlt Enter incehs cingtgtinches
• void showdist()coutltlt feet lt \- ltlt inches
  ltlt \

54
Object ??? ??????????

• int main(void)
• Distance a_distance
• Distance d_ptr //??????pointer
• d_ptr a_distance //??? d_ptr ????????
  object(a_distance)
• a_distance.getdist()
• a_distance.showdist()
• d_ptr-gtgetdist()//??? pointer
  (d_ptr).getdist()
• d_ptr-gtshowdist() //??? pointer
  (d_ptr).showdist()

55
Object ??? ??????????

• ?????? new ??? delete ??? Object
• ?????????????? new ??????????Object ?????????
  delete
• int main(void)
• Distance d_ptr //??????pointer
• d_ptr new Distance
• d_ptr-gtgetdist() //??? pointer
  (d_ptr).getdist()
• d_ptr-gtshowdist() //??? pointer
  (d_ptr).showdist()
• delete d_ptr

56
Generalization ??? Inheritance

• Generalization ???????????????????????Class???Clas
  s ??????Class ?????????? Attribute ???/????
  Operation ?????????
• Generalization ???????????????? Hierarchy???
  Abstraction ??????????????? Generalization
  ??????? hierarchy of abstraction ???? Subclass
  ????????????????? superclass.
• Generalization ?????????????(transitive)
  ??????????????????????????? ??is a kind of

57
Generalization ??? Inheritance

• Subclass/derived class ??????????????????????????
  ?? Superclass/parent class/base class
• attributes
• operations
• relationships
• ??????????????????????? Superclass
  Subclass??????Superclass??????????????????????????
  ????????????Superclass????

58
???????????? Single and Multiple Inheritance
59
???????????? Single inheritance

• ???????????? Single inheritance ??????????
  Subclass ?? Parent ???? Superclass ????? Class
  ????? ??????????????????? Subclass ?????????????
  Class(superclass) ?????
• ??????????????? Single inheritance ??? public
• class subclass public superclass
• //member of subclass
• ???????????????????? Single inheritance

???????????????????????????? public ????????
60
???????????? Single inheritance

• class employee //superclass/base class
• public
• employee(char , char , float)
• void show_employee(void)
• private
• char name64
• char position64
• float salary
• ???????????????????????? Class ???? manage ????
  Class manager ????????????????????????????????????
  ?

61
???????????? Single inheritance

• float annual_bonus
• char company_car
• int stock_options
• class manager public employee//code?????????inh
  eritances
• public
• manager(char, char,char ,float, float,int)
• void show_manger(void)
• private
• float annual_bonus
• char company_car
• int stock_options

62
???????????? Single inheritance

• ???????????????
• includeltiostream.hgt
• includeltstring.hgt
• class employee //superclass/base class
• public
• employee(char , char , float)
• void show_employee(void)
• private
• char name64
• char position64
• float salary

63
???????????? Single inheritance

• employeeemployee(char name,char
  position,float salary)
• strcpy(employeename,name)
• strcpy(employeeposition,position)
• employeesalarysalary
• void employeeshow_employee(void)
• coutltlt Name ltlt name ltltendl
• coutltlt Position ltlt position ltltendl
• coutltlt Salary ltlt salary ltltendl

64
???????????? Single inheritance

• class manager public employee
• public
• manager(char, char,char ,float, float,int)
• void show_manger(void)
• private
• float annual_bonus
• char company_car
• int stock_options

65
???????????? Single inheritance

• managermanager(char name,char position,
• char company_car,float salary,float bonus,int
  stock_options) employee(name,position,salary)
• strcpy(managercompany_car,company_car)
• managerannual_bonusbonus
• managerstock_optionsstock_options
• void managershow_manager(void)
• show_employee()
• coutltlt Company car ltlt company_car ltltendl
• coutltlt Annual bonus ltlt bonus ltltendl
• coutltlt Stock options ltlt stock_options ltltendl

superclass constructor
superclass method
66
???????????? Single inheritance

• int main(void)
• employee worker(John Dump, Programmer,
  35000)
• manager boss(Jim Dump, VP, Toyota,50000.0,
  5000,1000)
• worker.show_employee()
• boss.show_manager()

67
Protected Member

• ???????????????????? Subclass ????????????????????
  ?????????? Public member ??? Superclass???????
  Subclass ????????????????????????????? Private
  member ??? Superclass ?????????
• ?????????????? Member ??? Superclass ???????
  protected ???????????? private ??????? Subclass
  ???????????????????????? Protected member
  ???Class ?????????????????Subclass
  ?????????????????????

68
Protected Member

• ??????????????????????????? protected
• class manager public employee
• public
• manager(char, char,char ,float, float,int)
• void show_manger(void)
• protected
• float annual_bonus
• char company_car
• int stock_options

69
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• ???????????? Single inheritance
  ???????????????????????Class????(subclass/derived
  class)?????????????????Superclass????????
  ?????????????????????Class?????????????????????Sup
  erclass ?????????? Multiple inheritance
• ??????????????? Multiple inheritance ??? public
• class subclass public superclass1, public
  superclas2
• //member of subclass

???????????????????????????? public ????????
70
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• ???????????????????? Multiple inheritance

mother_board
computer_screen
Computer
71
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• class computer_screen
• public
• computer_screen(char ,long, int, int)
• void show_screen(void)
• private
• char type32
• long colors
• int x_resolution
• int y_resolution

72
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• class mother_board
• public
• mother_board(int, int, int)
• void show_ mother_board(void)
• private
• int processor
• int speed
• int RAM

73
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• class computer public computer_screen,public
  mother_board
• public
• computer(char, int, float, char, long, int,
  int, int, int,int)
• void show_ computer(void)
• private
• char name64
• int hard_disk
• float floppy

Super classes/base classes
74
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• includeltiostream.hgt
• inculdeltstring.hgt
• class computer_screen
• public
• computer_screen(char, long, int, int)
• void show_screen(void)
• private
• char type32
• long colors
• int x_resolution
• int y_resolution

75
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• computer_screencomputer_screen(char type, long
  colors,
• int x_res, int y_res)
• strcpy(computer_screentype, type)
• computer_screencolorscolors
• computer_screenx_resx_res
• computer_screeny_resy_res
• void computer_screenshow_screen(void)
• coutltlt Screen type ltlt type ltltendl
• coutltlt Colors ltlt colors ltltendl
• coutltlt Resolution ltlt x_res ltlt by
• ltlt y_res ltltendl

76
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• class mother_board
• public
• mother_board(int, int, int)
• void show_ mother_board(void)
• private
• int processor
• int speed
• int RAM

77
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• mother_board mother_board(int processor,int
  speed,int RAM
• mother_boardprocessorprocessor
• mother_boardspeedspeed
• mother_boardRAMRAM
• void mother_boardshow_mother_board(void)
• coutltlt Processor ltlt processor ltltendl
• coutltlt Speed ltlt speed ltltendl
• coutltlt RAM ltlt RAM ltltendl

78
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• class computer public computer_screen,public
  mother_board
• public
• computer(char, int, float, char, long, int,
  int, int, int,int)
• void show_ computer(void)
• private
• char name64
• int hard_disk
• float floppy

79
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• computercomputer(char name, int hard_disk,
  float floppy, char screen, long
  colors, int x_res,
• int y_res, int processor, int
  speed,int RAM)
• computer_screen(screen,colors,x_res,y_res),
• mother_board(processor,speed,RAM)
• strcpy(computername,name)
• computerhard_diskhard_disk
• computerfloppyfloppy

80
???????????? Multiple inheritance

• computershow_computer(void)
• coutltlt Type ltlt type ltltendl
• coutltlt Hard Disk ltlt hard_disk ltltendl
• coutltlt Floppy Disk ltlt floppy ltltendl
• show_mother_board()
• show_screen()
• int main(void)
• computer my_pc(Compaq, 212, 1.44, SVGA,
  16000000,
• 640, 480, 486, 66, 8)
• my_pc.show_computer()