Revision

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Revision

• Causes of WW2

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Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?
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The Big Picture

• The steps to war, 1919-1939

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In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany.
Between 1933 and 1939 he made moves which made
war more likely.
Versailles
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Versailles
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Versailles League
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Versailles League
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Rearmament
Versailles League
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Rearmament
Versailles League
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Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
WAR
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles League
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Causes which built up over time
Long Term Causes
League failure
Versailles
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League failure


Versailles
right atmosphere for war
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Versailles
League
Appeasement
Hitler
almost certain war!
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Long term

• Hitlers leadership and aims
• The failure of the League of Nations
• The Treaty of Versailles
• The isolation of the USA
• British Appeasement
• The failure to achieve disarmament

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So what did Hitler want?
I had 4 major foreign policy aims.
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To unite German speaking people by uniting
with Austria.
To reverse the Treaty of Versailles by taking
back the land Germany lost.
To achieve Lebensraum (living space) for the
German people by expanding eastwards.
To re-arm Germany by increasing the Germany
army and building an airforce.
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How did the Treaty of Versailles help cause WW2?

• It created bitterness in Germany.
• It helped Hitler come to power because he
  promised the German people that he would reverse
  it.
• It gave Hitler his foreign policy aims.

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How did the failure of the League of Nations help
cause WW2?

• It failed to keep peace.
• It failed miserably in Manchuria and Abyssinia
  and so set an example to Hitler.
• It showed that Britain and France would do almost
  anything to prevent war.
• Hitler learnt many lessons from all this.

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What was Hitlers attitude to the Treaty of
Versailles? 4

• unfair it took away land, reduced the military
  and blamed Germany for causing the war which led
  to reparations
• humiliated Germany because of French desire for
  revenge
• it needed to be reversed to restore pride in
  Germany

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Missing words

• economic depression
• Manchuria
• weak/useless/slow
• Mussolini
• Abyssinia
• remilitarised the Rhineland
• Stresa
• Britain, France, Italy
• Hitler and Mussolini

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Chronology

• The Treaty of Versailles 1919
• Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
• Hitler comes to power 1933
• Hitler begins to re-arm Germany 1934
• The remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936
• The Rome-Berlin Axis 1936
• Neville Chamberlain appeasement 1937
• The Austrian Anschluss 1938
• The Munich Conference Sept 1938
• Hitler gains the Sudetenland Sept 1938
• The invasion of Czechoslovakia March 1939
• The Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
• The invasion of Poland Sept 1939

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Event Versailles treaty

• Helped Hitler come to power because it gave him
  his foreign policy aims he could set about
  reversing it which helped cause the war because
  it led to Appeasement.

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Event Appeasement

• Helped cause war because it made Hitler more
  confident. By letting him take various lands, he
  became convinced that Britain and France would
  not stop him.

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Event Manchuria

• With Abyssinia, it showed Hitler how powerless
  the League of Nations was. Therefore he had
  nothing to worry about. He could do what he
  wanted.

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Event The Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Helped cause war because the agreement sealed the
  fate of Poland. By making a deal with the
  Soviets, Hitler avoided a war on two fronts.

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Event invasion of Poland

• Started the war because Hitler had gone too far
  for Britain and France. They stood up to him
  finally.

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Appeasement - FOR

• gave Britain time to re-arm
• a strong Germany was a barrier to Communism
• British people did not want war
• Hitlers first demands were not unreasonable.

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Appeasement - AGAINST

• naïve Hitler had always made his aims clear
• It put war off, it did not prevent it.
• It encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive.
• It made Germany stronger.

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Anyone got any good ideas about where we should
take over now?
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Which country should be most worried now?
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I want the pink land!
Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia)
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Why?, you ask!
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Most of Czechoslovakias industry
Czechoslovakias main defences
3 million German speakers
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Why did Hitlers demands make a war in Europe
more likely?

• He was not just reversing the Treaty of
  Versailles.
• He was aggressively threatening another country.
• This was new he had become more confident.

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Neville Chamberlain flew over to Germany To meet
Hitler
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Then Chamberlain met Hitler again.
It looked like war!
Hitler stepped up his demands and the Czechs
refused to agree
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So Mussolini called an emergency meeting at
Munich in October 1938
Hitler
Chamberlain
Mussolini
The Czech leader was not invited
Daladier (France)
Neither was Stalin (leader of Russia)
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THE MUNICH CONFERENCE
Poor old Benes had to sit outside
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What do you think was agreed at Munich?
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You can have the Sudetenland, old chap!
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So long as thats it, you rascal!
Cheers, Nev. I promise that Britain and Germany
will never go to war!!
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The Munich Agreement

• Hitler could take the Sudetenland
• Britain and Germany would never go to war.

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Neville Chamberlain returned home to a heros
welcome!!
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A popular song from 1938 God bless you Mr
Chamberlain Were all mighty proud of you, You
look so swell holding your umbrella, All the
world loves a wonderful fella So carry on Mr
Chamberlain, You know were all with you, And
when we shout, God Bless You Mr
Chamberlain, Our hats go off to you!
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The Invasion of Poland

• Step 9

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On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland.
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Hitler used Blitzkreig tactics
Infantry
Air attack
tanks
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Blitzkreig lightning war

• using combined forces of air bombing, troops and
  tanks

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The Nazis invaded from the west.
The Russians invaded from the east.
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Remember, Hitler had made a deal to split Poland
with Russia.

• The Nazi-Soviet Pact

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Poland
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Timeline of events 1939

• August Nazi-Soviet Pact signed
• 1st September Hitler invaded Poland
• 2nd September British ultimatum sent
• 3rd September Britain declared war

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Why did Hitler invade Poland?
To get more living space (Lebensraum)
The Polish Corridor was taken away from Germany
at Versailles.
There were German speaking people in Poland.
I thought I could get away with it. I had before!
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Why did Hitler invade Poland?
Reverse the Treaty of Versailles
Living Space (Lebensraum)
German people in Poland
Appeasement
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Why did the Nazi-Soviet Pact make war inevitable?

1. It stopped Hitler having to fight a war on two
   fronts if Britain attacked in the west.
2. It allowed Hitler to take most of Poland with
   little effort.

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Neville Chamberlain

• Chamberlain sent the Nazis an ultimatum (warning
  with a threat).
• Hitler ignored it.
• Chamberlain declared war on Germany.
• France followed.

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Exam Technique Practice What is the message of
this cartoon?
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Mars the God of War
Hitler, scared, much smaller.
Hitler did not expect a big war. He has
gambled too much.
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5 mins
The message of the cartoon is I know this
because in the cartoon My own knowledge
tells me that
M
D
K
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Explain why Germany invaded Poland in 1939?
(9)
10 mins
You need to explain at least two reasons in
detail. Try to explain three to be on the safe
side.
Nev's tip
Dont just identify the reasons, explain them!
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A writing frame to help
Finally, Hitler invaded Poland because
There were several reasons why Hitler invaded
Poland. Firstly, Hitler intended to break the
Treaty of Versailles.. Another reason was
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